Ovarian cancer is a kind of malignant tumor of ovarian tumor, which refers to malignant tumors growing on ovaries, 90%-95% of which are primary malignant tumors of ovaries, and the other 5%-10% are cancerous tumors from other parts metastasized to ovaries. Because ovarian cancer lacks symptoms in early stage, and even if there are symptoms, they are not specific, clinical manifestations are not typical, and screening methods are still uncertain. Therefore, early diagnosis of ovarian cancer is difficult, and 60% to 70% of patients are already in advanced stage when they are diagnosed, and the treatment effect of advanced cases is poor. Therefore, although the incidence rate of ovarian cancer is lower than that of cervical cancer and endometrial cancer, ranking third among gynecologic malignancies, the mortality rate exceeds that of cervical cancer and endometrial cancer combined, ranking first among gynecologic cancers and is a major threat to women’s health. What are the high-risk factors of ovarian cancer? The causes of ovarian cancer are still unclear, but there may be the following high-risk factors: 1. Age Ovarian cancer can occur at any age, and the higher the age, the more it occurs. Ovarian cancer usually occurs in menopausal and postmenopausal women, but less frequently in women under 20 years of age. The age distribution of different types of ovarian cancer is also different. The incidence of ovarian epithelial cancer increases rapidly after the age of 40, with a peak age of 50-60, and decreases gradually after the age of 70; interstitial tumors of the sex cords are similar to ovarian epithelial cancer and increase with age; while germ cell tumors are mostly seen in young women before the age of 20, and the incidence of ovarian cancer is high in celibate or infertile women. Pregnancy seems to have an antagonistic effect on ovarian cancer, and it is believed that repeated damage to ovarian epithelium due to daily ovulation is related to the occurrence of ovarian cancer. According to some statistics, the incidence of ovarian cancer in celibates is 60%-70% higher than that in married and fertile women. In addition, patients with breast cancer and endometrial cancer are estrogen-dependent carcinomas, which are also prone to complicate ovarian cancer. 3.Blood type Some people found that the incidence of ovarian cancer is higher in people with blood type A and lower in people with blood type O. 4.Mental factors Mental factors have a certain influence on the development of ovarian cancer. Impatient personality and long-term mental stimulation can lead to damage of host immune surveillance system and promote tumor growth. Ovaries are also sensitive to cigarettes. Women who smoke 20 cigarettes a day have early menopause and high incidence of ovarian cancer. People who are frequently exposed to talcum powder and asbestos have more chances to develop ovarian cancer. Genetic and family factors About 20-25% of ovarian cancer patients have cancer patients in their immediate family. 6.Environmental factors The high incidence of ovarian cancer among women in industrially developed countries and the upper class may be related to high cholesterol in the diet. In addition, ionizing radiation, asbestos and talcum powder can affect oocytes and increase the chance of ovarian cancer, and smoking and vitamin A, C and E deficiency may also be related to the development of ovarian cancer. What are the main symptoms of ovarian cancer? Early stage patients are mostly asymptomatic, while middle and late stage patients often show non-specific manifestations mainly of gastrointestinal symptoms, such as loss of appetite, indigestion, abdominal distension, abdominal pain, etc. They may even have difficulty in breathing, rapid heart rate, difficulty in defecation, anemia, emaciation, etc. How to diagnose ovarian cancer? Commonly used examination methods include: imaging examination (ultrasound, pelvic MRI, CT, PET-CT, etc.) to determine the size, location and nature of pelvic mass, whether it is accompanied by ascites, lymph nodes and other parts of metastasis; laboratory examination (tumor markers CA125, CEA, AFP, HCG, CA199, etc.), puncture to retrieve ascites to find cancer cells for diagnosis; laparoscopic exploration and biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. and pathological biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. How to treat ovarian cancer? Surgery is the main treatment for ovarian cancer, which can be done by clear diagnosis and comprehensive staging surgery or tumor cytoreductive surgery. Chemotherapy is the main adjuvant treatment for ovarian cancer, which can slow down the recurrence after surgery, prolong the survival period and improve the overall cure rate. Other treatments also include immunotherapy and Chinese herbal medicine.