Indications: 1, heavy hepatitis; 2, hyperbilirubinemia; 3, hepatic encephalopathy; 4, drug toxicity and other diseases. Contraindications: 1, active gastrointestinal bleeding, DIC, and others with significant bleeding tendency such as extremely reduced platelets; 2, serious systemic and local infections; 3, serious cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease; 4, mid- to late-term pregnancy; 5, uncorrected shock from various causes; 6, various other reasons for inability to cooperate with treatment.