Statistics show that in the United States, the number of new prostate patients in 2015 reached more than 220,000, accounting for 26% of new malignancy cases, while less than 30,000 prostate cancer patients died, accounting for 9% of dead malignancy patients; in contrast, the data of China, in 2013, prostate cancer patients in China accounted for 2,74% of new tumor cases, while patients who died also accounted for 2,26%, The data show that The proportion of patients with mid- to late-stage prostate cancer in China is significantly higher than that in Europe and the United States. This has a direct impact on the treatment outcome and long-term survival of prostate cancer patients in China. Early stage prostate cancer usually has no typical symptoms, but when symptoms such as urinary retention, hematuria, bone pain, and anemia appear, it often indicates that the cancer has reached an advanced stage. So how to detect prostate cancer at an early stage? At present, the recognized clinical diagnosis of prostate cancer is the “three-step” method: (1) detecting suspicious cases through tumor markers such as Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) and Digital Rectal Examination (DRE); (2) depending on the specific situation, choosing transrectal ultrasound to detect prostate cancer. (2), depending on the specific situation, the localization of the suspicious lesion will be done by transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); (3), pathological diagnosis will be obtained by TRUS-guided prostate system aspiration biopsy. 1, rectal interfinger (DRE) The prostate gland is adjacent to the rectum and can be located by rectal finger examination. It is usually done by a urologist. It is easy to perform and painless for the patient and is an important tool for early detection of prostate cancer. Most prostate cancers originate in the peripheral zone of the prostate and are easily detected by rectal examination when the tumor volume exceeds 0.2 ml. It has been reported that about 18% of prostate patients are detected by DRE alone, and patients with abnormal DRE tend to have a higher score of prostate cancer. Therefore, if the DRE reveals suspicious lesions, further prostate puncture biopsy is needed to rule out prostate cancer. Serum PSA is a specific marker of prostate cancer and is valuable for early detection of asymptomatic prostate cancer. The total serum PSA level is also known as tPSA, which is a protein that can be present in the blood either bound to plasma proteins or free. In general, both tPSA and fPSA tests are routinely performed. When the prostate gland becomes cancerous, the PSA secreted by the cancerous tissue increases, causing the PSA to enter the bloodstream directly. The more malignant the cancer is, the higher the PSA in the serum tends to be. Our prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment guidelines suggest that: (1) PSA test should be performed for men over 50 years old with lower urinary tract symptoms (such as frequent urination, urgent urination, increased nocturia, waiting for urination, poor urine flow, incomplete dripping at the end of urination, etc.); (2) For men with a family history of prostate cancer, it is advisable to advance the time of PSA test to 45 years old. As a single test, tPSA is more valuable for early detection of prostate cancer compared to DRE. It is generally considered that serum tPSA less than 4, 0 ng/ml is normal and tPSA greater than 4ng/ml is abnormal. When the serum tPSA is greater than 10 ng/ml, the risk of prostate cancer is significantly increased. When the serum tPSA is between 4 and 10 ng/ml, a comprehensive analysis is needed in combination with the ratio of fPSA to tPSA, PSA density, and PSA rate. The data from the Chinese population for prostate cancer puncture biopsy shows that the positive rate of prostate puncture biopsy in this Chinese population is 25.5% for tPSA between 4 and 10 ng/ml, and statistics show that when tPSA is between 4 and 10 ng/ml, an fPSA/tPSA ratio less than 0.1 is associated with a 56% probability of prostate cancer. It is important to note that a number of factors can affect serum tPSA levels, such as rectal examination prostate massage, urinary retention, catheterization, cystoscopy, urinary tract infection, ejaculation, and prostate puncture biopsy. Therefore, testing for PSA should be done only after the influence of these factors has been ruled out. It is also important to perform a routine urine test at the same time as the PSA test to rule out the possibility of hematuria and urinary tract infections.