Prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer occur in two different parts of the prostate, with prostatic hyperplasia occurring in the periurethral glands and prostate cancer occurring in the subcapsular glands. There is no difference in hormone levels between the two diseases and between healthy individuals from numerous experimental studies, suggesting that there is no definite relationship between the two. The pathological histological changes in prostatic hyperplasia remain similar to normal prostate tissue, except that the cells become larger, whereas prostate cancer cells appear to be mutated (malignant), a finding that strongly supports the idea that prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer are unrelated diseases. In conclusion, prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer are common diseases in older men that develop under similar endocrine, pathogenetic, or environmental influences, but occur in different parts of the prostate and often occur together, but may not be related to each other. Prostate cancer Prostate cancer is the second most common male malignancy in Europe and the United States, and in the United States prostate cancer is the first in incidence and second only to lung cancer in mortality. Prostate cancer is also second only to lung cancer in 12 European Community countries. The following factors affect the development of prostate cancer: (1) Sexual activity: It is because the prostate is an androgen-dependent organ. Some studies have shown that sexual activity is higher in prostate cancer patients than in men without prostate cancer, and that prostate cancer patients begin puberty earlier and experience first intercourse later. The mortality rate from prostate cancer is higher in divorced and widowed individuals than in those with a spouse. It is higher in those with children than in those without children. (2) Food and nutrition: A high-fat diet is a risk factor for prostate cancer, with red meat being the most dangerous. Fats derived from fish and dairy products, on the other hand, have less impact. Vitamin A can increase the incidence of prostate cancer and vitamin E can prevent prostate cancer. (3) Genetic factors: Genetic factors for prostate cancer are important, with a high incidence in blacks worldwide and a high incidence with a family history of the disease. Statistics have found that brothers of prostate cancer patients have three times higher chances of developing prostate cancer than others, and are especially prone to develop it at an early age. In China, the incidence of prostate cancer is much lower than in western countries due to our lifestyle and unique diet, but in recent years the diet has gradually westernized and the incidence of prostate cancer has shown a significant increase. At present, the incidence of prostate cancer in Asian countries such as China, Japan and India is roughly less than 10 per 100,000 men in the population.