Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the male genitourinary system. With the progress of social development in China, the aging and urbanization of the population, the westernization of dietary structure, and the advancement of PCa detection technology, its incidence is increasing year by year and has become a common disease that seriously affects the healthy life of elderly men. Cryosurgery of the prostate (CSAP) for prostate cancer is a new minimally invasive treatment technique developed in the United States in the last decade or so. It has been widely used clinically in developed countries such as the United States because of its characteristics of less trauma, better results, fewer complications, quicker recovery, and ease of repeated treatment. Especially for elderly male patients who are not suitable for radical surgery or prostate cancer patients with local recurrence after radiotherapy, it has a special value in view of its small trauma and exact efficacy. Although CSAP started late in China, it has started to receive attention. The Department of Urology of Shanghai Renji Hospital is actively exploring and carrying out CSAP treatment, hoping that the introduction of this new technology and robotic surgery will contribute to improve the current status of PCa treatment in China and improve the overall treatment level of PCa. In 1964, Gonder et al. first reported the success of using liquid nitrogen cryotherapy to destroy prostate tissue in animal models, and in 1966, the transurethral route was used to treat prostatic hyperplasia with satisfactory results. 1968, Flocks first used perineal incision to treat prostate cancer with direct visualization cryotherapy. Kunit et al. used open cryosurgery to treat 101 cases of prostate cancer, and the 5-year survival rate in relation to the tumor stage could be similar to the results of radical surgery. Soon after, Bonney et al. showed that the local control and 10-year survival rate of 229 prostate cases were similar to those of radical surgery and external radiation radiotherapy, which attracted the attention of the treatment field. In 1988, Onik adopted transrectal ultrasound guidance and monitoring, and percutaneous percutaneous cryoprosthesis for prostate cancer treatment, providing a safer and more effective method for clinical practice. In 1993, Endocare developed the argon helium cryotherapy system, which made precise temperature control a reality and made minimally invasive tumor treatment possible. This technology was approved by the FDA in 1998 and was mainly used for prostate cancer treatment, thus, entering a whole new stage of development. Currently, CSAP is guided by transrectal ultrasound, the cryoprobe is percutaneously positioned and punctured through the perineum to the target tumor area, argon is activated, and the output power is adjusted between 100% and 10% to control the freezing range. 12~15 minutes later helium is warmed up to complete a treatment cycle. A total of 2 cycles are performed. During the operation, the urethra was protected by circulating warm saline method, and all operations were performed under rectal ultrasound monitoring with targeted therapeutic properties. In December 2008, the American Urological Association (AUA) released the Statement of Best Practices for Cryotherapy of Prostate Cancer, which evaluated the efficacy, safety, and indications for CSAP as the preferred treatment for patients with early PCa or salvage treatment for patients with recurrence, and affirmed the efficacy of CSAP treatment. In 2008, Cohen et al. studied the results of CSAP in 370 prostate cancer patients and showed that the long-term follow-up results of CSAP were comparable to those of surgical procedures and had a low incidence of complications such as urinary incontinence and urethro-rectal fistula, which have a wide clinical application. It has a wide range of clinical application prospects.