In the production process, due to the influence of dangerous factors, some injuries can occur, in the event of an injury accident, first aid measures must be taken quickly, otherwise the accident will expand, resulting in serious consequences. Common injuries can be divided into the following categories: 1, mechanical injuries, 2, burns, 3, electric shock, 4, chemical injuries, 5, drowning, 6, toxic gas leaks. The following first introduced the first aid knowledge of mechanical injuries. 1, shock, coma first aid (1) let the shocked person lying down, without pillows. If it belongs to cardiogenic shock with heart failure, shortness of breath, can not lie down, can be used half-lying, pay attention to warmth and quiet, try not to move, such as when you must move, the action should be light. (2) Inject oxygen and keep the airway open. Administer oxygen by nasal cannula or face mask. Give oxygen by nasal cannula or endotracheal tube to critically ill patients according to the situation. (3) Immediately contact medical workers and ask doctors for treatment. 2.First aid for fracture For fracture injury, proper fixation is the most important. (1) The material for fixing the broken bone can be taken from local materials, such as sticks, branches, boards, crutches, cardboard, etc. The length should be such that the upper and lower joints of the fracture can be fixed or the broken bone will not move wrongly. (2) In case of spinal fracture or fracture or neck fracture, unless it is a special case such as an indoor fire, the injured person should be left in place and wait for medical personnel with medical equipment to move. (3) lifting and transporting the injured, lifting from the ground, to more than one person at the same time slowly and forcefully flat; transport, must use wooden planks or hard materials, can not use cloth stretcher or rope bed. Wooden board can be padded quilts, but can not use pillows, cervical vertebrae fracture of the injured person’s head must be placed correctly, with sandbags on both sides of the head clamped, can not let the head just shaking. 3, hand trauma first aid First of all, take measures to stop bleeding and bandaging. There are broken hands, broken limbs should be immediately picked up, the broken hand with a clean handkerchief, towel, cloth, wrapped in a plastic bag or tape without cracks, the bag is tied tightly. And put ice cubes around the pocket ice cream and other cooling. The rescuers immediately send the severed limb to the hospital with the casualty quickly, so that the doctor can carry out replantation surgery on the severed limb. Do not apply iodine, alcohol or other disinfectant solutions on the severed limb. This will make the tissue cells deteriorate and cause serious consequences that cannot be replanted. 4.First aid for trauma bleeding If there is a foreign body at the trauma site which is not near the important organs, you can pull out the foreign body and deal with the wound. If you are not sure, don’t pull out the foreign body casually, you should send it to hospital immediately, and then pull out the foreign body after the doctor’s examination to make sure that the internal organs and large blood vessels are not injured, so as not to be caught by surprise in case of hemorrhage. Methods of hemostasis 1, general hemostasis method: general bleeding of small wounds, first rinse with saline, then cover with sterile gauze, tightly wrapped with bandages. 2, serious bleeding, should use the compression band hemostasis method. This is one of the most basic, most commonly used and most effective methods to stop bleeding. It is suitable for temporary hemostasis of bleeding from large vessels in the head, neck and extremities arteries. That is, use the fingers or palm of the hand to forcefully press the artery beating closer to the heart than the wound (hemostasis point). As long as the location is right, this method can immediately play a role in stopping bleeding. With this method there is a risk of tissue necrosis caused by ischemia of the injured limb, so, pay attention to the following points: (1) tourniquet can not be in direct contact with the skin, must first use gauze, cotton or clothing pad. (2) After the tourniquet is tied, transfer to the hospital as soon as possible. In the transfer, it should be loosened for 1-2 minutes every hour to temporarily restore blood circulation, and then tied tightly at another slightly higher site. (3) The site where the tourniquet is tied should not be too far from the bleeding point to avoid making more muscle tissue ischemic and hypoxic. The general location of the tourniquet is the upper arm or upper third of the thigh.