The choice of clinical methods for lumbar disc herniation should be based on the different pathological stages and clinical manifestations of the disease, and surgical and non-surgical therapies have their own indications, and about 80-90% of lumbar disc herniation can be cured by non-surgical therapies. If the indications for surgery can be strictly mastered, the immediate postoperative excellent rate of lumbar disc herniation requiring surgical treatment can reach 90-95%. 1.Non-operative treatment includes traction, massage, rotation and reset, bed rest, lumbar circumference fixation, physiotherapy, lumbar back muscle exercise and external application of Chinese herbs. Change the traditional one-dimensional linear traction to three-dimensional force traction. The effect is obviously better than traditional traction therapy. There is a report of 186 cases of lumbar disc herniation treated with multi-dimensional rapid traction, 72% of which were successfully tractored for one time, with a total efficiency of 92.5%. The efficiency is higher for the central type and lateral-posterior type herniation if the disease duration is shorter than half a year. The treatment of lumbar disc herniation by ultrashort wave electrotherapy plus interferential electrotherapy also achieved obvious efficacy. 2.Surgical treatment The most used surgical treatment at present is still the classic posterior laminectomy or open nucleus pulposus removal. It plays an important role in maintaining the stability of the lumbar spine, and early active lumbar back muscle exercise can compensate for the intrinsic instability brought about by the absence of the vertebral plate. This approach has both good therapeutic effects and avoids excessive loss of the mechanical function of the overall lumbar spine structure. The onset of lumbar disc herniation in the elderly is slow, the course of the disease is long, the symptoms of herniation are intermittent claudication, herniation is frequent, the incidence of prolapse of the nucleus pulposus into the spinal canal is high at 17%, the surgery is relatively complex, the disc expands around, it needs to be removed from both sides, and the spinal canal and nerve root canal are enlarged. Lumbar disc herniation in adolescents differs greatly from that in adults, with mild symptoms, relatively severe signs, abnormal lumbar stiffness, abnormal kyphosis forming scoliosis, and a strong positive straight leg raise test, easily confused with general spinal and lumbar soft tissue injuries. The protrusion is usually large and non-surgical treatments are often ineffective. Studies of histopathological, biochemical and biomechanical changes in the transplanted discs have shown a tendency for degeneration and segmental instability with decreased stiffness in the early stages, restoration of stability in the middle stages, and some self-healing ability with restoration of stiffness in the later stages to meet the functional Physiological activity needs. Minimally invasive treatments such as percutaneous laser vaporization for disc herniation, plasma ablation, and intervertebral foraminoscopy have also been widely used. We have also treated many of them with good results. With the extensive development of intervertebral disc surgery, various complications such as vascular injury, nerve injury, lumbar instability, and disc infection have been reported, and the complication rate is generally 0.6% to 1.25%. Lumbar discectomy with concurrent nerve injury can be caused by intraoperative injury to the spinal cord with herniation of the cauda equina nerve or misuse of the cauda equina nerve by the suction device. Nerve roots are injured by instruments during lateral occult decompression operation, nerve root strain injury, and nerve roots are accidentally injured during intraoperative hemostasis. Postoperative infection after lumbar disc removal is mostly found 6~8 days after surgery. After the original symptoms of the patient basically disappear after surgery, more severe lumbar pain than before surgery appears, radiating to the hip and groin, with persistent and paroxysmal aggravation, twitching, lumbar muscle tension, local percussion pain, etc. Non-surgical treatment mainly adopts braking, bed rest, belt lumbar circumference, and application of antimicrobial agents, but most of them are not effective. Surgical treatment should be preferred, the earlier the better, surgical exploration of the infected gap, complete removal of infected necrotic tissue, flushing with antimicrobial solution, and postoperative drainage.