Optic nerve atrophy leading to blindness is related to the progression of the disease causing the optic nerve atrophy and cannot be generalized. There are various types of diseases that cause optic nerve atrophy such as optic neuritis, congenital disease factors, neurotoxic damage or secondary to other diseases. If the cause of retinal atrophy is clearly identified, aggressive treatment and control of disease progression are required and can prevent blindness symptoms from occurring. If glaucoma is the cause of optic nerve damage, early aggressive control of intraocular pressure to avoid serious effects on the optic nerve can save vision from severe decline. If traumatic brain injury causes intracranial hypertension causing optic nerve atrophy, after lifting the intracranial hypertension, optic nerve atrophy will stabilize and no blindness will occur. Patients with optic nerve atrophy should be detected and treated early, and vasodilator drugs as well as nutritional optic nerve drugs can be considered in the early stage to protect the residual optic nerve function as much as possible.