”Scientific diet” is to calculate the daily calorie consumption according to the individual’s height, weight and physical activity, and provide the corresponding calorie intake of food. The daily caloric intake of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats is 50%-60%, 12%-20%, and 20%-30%, respectively, with appropriate electrolytes (various salts), sufficient vitamins, trace elements, and dietary fiber. There is no “diabetic” factor in the development of a scientific diet. That is, healthy people should eat like this, and with diabetes still eat like this. Many people think they are happy and addicted to eating, no one cares, and they don’t listen. Once they have diabetes, they have requirements for their diet, and they call a “scientific diet” a “diabetic diet”, which is a misunderstanding. If a scientific diet is achieved before the onset of diabetes, the chances of developing diabetes can be reduced and its onset can be delayed. For diabetic patients treated with insulin or other hypoglycemic drugs, in order to control the rapid rise of blood sugar after meals and prevent the occurrence of hypoglycemia, there are special requirements for diet: in addition to the requirements of scientific diet, the main food should be divided into six times, that is, three main meals and three additional meals. How to eat staple food? Eat less and more meals, carbohydrate-rich food should be eaten in the prescribed amount. Some people say “more glucose-lowering drugs can eat more” this statement is extremely incorrect, any glucose-lowering drugs do not directly play a role in reducing sugar, the effect of glucose-lowering drugs is not proportional to the dose. In normal people, blood sugar rises one hour after meal and falls to normal level two hours after meal. In diabetic patients, the blood sugar of 1 hour after meal often exceeds 10mmol/L, which increases the chance of complications caused by high blood sugar. Elevated postprandial blood glucose is strongly correlated with several complications in diabetic patients. If you eat a little less at each meal and eat more meals to make the daily intake meet the body’s needs, post-meal blood sugar can be easily controlled within the normal range. Foods containing carbohydrates include grain, vegetables, fruits, milk and soybean products, among which grain, vegetables and fruits are rich in carbohydrates, and grain foods mainly include rice, noodles, baked u, steamed buns and snacks. After digestion and decomposition into glucose, you can not eat more, not less, not to mention not to eat. Eating evenly is to have all three major types of nutrients at each meal, and to eat in a balanced and proportional manner. In the morning, there are many activities, the body has a high demand for calories, and the breakfast should be full. Some people only eat eggs and milk for breakfast, not food, which is not right. The so-called “diabetic food” commonly used raw materials are buckwheat, Shinomai, oats, these contain more dietary fiber, digestion is slow, reducing post-meal blood sugar. But they are eventually digested into glucose, but the digestion time is longer, the effect compared to ordinary food, the difference is not significant, so eat the so-called “diabetic food” amount and eat the amount of ordinary food to equal. The so-called “sugar-free food” is essentially “food without cane sugar”, the original sugar content in the food still exists. For example, the sweetness in “sugar-free snacks” and “sugar-free mooncakes” is the taste of sweeteners, not sucrose, and will not turn into glucose, but the noodles used to make snacks and the skin of mooncakes are all grains, which will eventually turn into glucose in the body. Can you say they are sugar-free? 1, starch as the main component of vegetables to be counted as staple food, can not be eaten as a side dish The main component of vegetables such as potatoes, white potatoes, lotus vegetables, yams, water chestnuts, rhizome, taro, lilies, etc. is starch, these foods should be counted as the amount of staple food, can not be eaten as a side dish. 2, beans to be eaten as a staple food The composition of soybeans with high protein and fat content can be extracted oil, the main component of soy milk is protein, the main component of soybean residue is dietary fiber. In addition to soybeans, other legumes such as mung beans, red beans, fava beans, kidney beans, black beans, peas, etc., the main component is starch, should be the main food to eat. 3, eat supplementary food should also be appropriate amount of supplementary food refers to vegetables, fruits, eggs, milk, meat, soy products and oil. A balanced diet of staple foods and complementary foods have a certain amount, change the habit of eating too much staple foods, complementary foods need to increase, but the increase in complementary foods is not to “fill up the stomach”. The so-called “full” is still to consume how much to eat, the so-called “eat enough” to increase the supplemental food to vegetables, protein supplemental food in moderation, but do not exceed the amount. 1 gram of fat produces 9 kcal, equivalent to 1 gram of carbohydrates or protein twice. The more oil you eat, the more food or meat and eggs you will eat, the less weight you will lose, so don’t easily increase the fats and oils. Protein and fats more than the amount consumed by the body will be stored in the form of fat to make people obese, obesity will increase insulin resistance, aggravating diabetes. 4, can not use nuts to fill the hunger peanuts, sunflower seeds, walnuts, almonds, pine nuts, hazelnuts and other nuts with high fat content, it is recommended to eat less or do not eat, to relieve cravings to eat just a few, more can not be used to “fill the hunger” or spend time. 5, to eat food containing more dietary fiber dietary fiber is the fiber in food, can not be digested, but it is a very beneficial component, it can stimulate intestinal peristalsis, prevent or reduce constipation, prevent colon cancer, this function is very important for the elderly. Dietary fiber will reduce the contact area between food and digestive juices, slow down the digestion of food, long absorption time, is the diabetic post-prandial blood sugar rise is reduced. Dietary fiber is widely found in the skin of beans, rice bran, wheat bran, plant roots and leaves and fruits, kelp, nori and konjac. Diabetic patients should eat more mixed grains, less fine grains, eat standard powder, less rich powder, eat vegetables and fruits containing more fiber. Bad teeth can not chew vegetables into small pieces or cut into the end, eat some seaweed nori konjac products, you can also mix the konjac powder in the grain as food. 6, eat light not salty eat salty to drink water, it increases the blood volume, the heart must contract hard to overcome the excess water, blood pressure is high. The World Health Organization requires adults to eat no more than 6 grams of salt a day, in fact, the national daily salt intake is greatly exceeded, especially the northerners. Eating more salt is one of the reasons why Chinese people suffer from hypertension, which can lead to kidney damage, promote the formation of atherosclerosis? The development of cardiovascular disease, accelerating the development of cardiovascular disease, accelerating the progress of diabetic nephropathy. So eat light not salty. 7, eat less food containing high cholesterol Some people are afraid when it comes to “cholesterol”, which is a misconception. First of all, we must understand that cholesterol is an indispensable substance for our body, it is one of the raw materials of all cell membranes in the body, especially the highest content of myelin sheath of nerve cells, and is also the raw material of endocrine hormones in the body; it is also the raw material of vitamin D. Cholesterol in the skin will be turned into inactive vitamin D by the sunlight (ultraviolet), and then transformed into active vitamin by the liver and kidney. Therefore, the body cannot live without cholesterol, but it is not good to have more cholesterol, as it will be deposited on the walls of blood vessels and cause atherosclerosis, causing heart, brain and peripheral vascular disease. 8, the highest cholesterol content of food are: animal brains (nerve cells), egg yolks and animal offal, these foods should be eaten less or not. Egg yolk eat one a day, people with high blood lipids try not to eat. Followed by crab yolk, cream, shrimp, meat, milk cholesterol is still needed, just not in excess. 9, water, fruit and sweeteners 10, do not limit water: blood sugar is higher than 10mmol / L, sugar will take the water from the kidneys, causing polyuria, increased urine, water shortage in the body, it will be thirsty. Some diabetics are afraid to drink water for fear of urination, skin sweating and water loss, breathing constantly exhale water, less water in the blood vessels, blood concentration, easy to form thrombosis, causing heart, brain, lower limbs and other parts of the blood vessel thrombosis. So diabetic patients must not limit drinking water, thirsty drink, once the blood sugar control, urine will be reduced, water loss will be reduced, the body does not lack of water will not be thirsty. 11.Can I eat fruit? Fruits contain sugar, vitamins, various minerals and trace elements, and different kinds of fruits have different components each, and it is beneficial to eat different kinds of fruits regularly. The sugar in fruit includes sucrose, glucose, fructose and other kinds of tang, sugar-containing fruit juice is easy to digest and absorb, and blood sugar rises quickly, so that diabetics eat fruit is restricted. But people are different, different diabetics react differently to different fruits, so it can’t be said that diabetics can’t eat fruits. You can eat fruits with low sugar content such as apples, pears, oranges, oranges, eat less, eat fruits should be in between meals when blood sugar is low, blood sugar will not rise too high. If you eat fruit after the meal, blood sugar will rise high, blood sugar fluctuations are large, not conducive to sugar control. Watermelon and grapes are best not to eat. Eat watermelon is equal to drinking sugar water, sugar absorption, blood sugar rises quickly. Bananas, chestnuts, cashews, pistachios, the main component is starch, eat these foods should be counted in the amount of staple foods. Whether you can eat fruit or not, what fruit you can eat, and how much you can eat, should be decided by the results of blood glucose monitoring before and after eating fruit, according to the water content of fruit, sugar content and digestion and absorption fast and slow, design your own, choose to monitor half an hour after eating fruit. Or one hour, or two hours, or set your own time blood sugar, do fruit eating experiment. One week or more should be spent experimenting with eating one kind of fruit, thoroughly solving the question of whether this fruit can be eaten and how much it can be eaten before switching to another fruit for experimentation. Don’t eat this fruit today and that fruit tomorrow, and finally you can’t figure out which fruit you can eat and which fruit you can’t eat. In short, the authority to decide to eat fruit is the blood glucose meter. 12, about sweeteners There are many sweeteners on the market, such as saccharin, xylitol, stevia, meringue and amino acid sugar, etc. In theory, they are sweetening substances that should not raise blood sugar, but you still need to test your blood sugar after eating sweeteners to confirm whether your blood sugar has increased. Please be careful to read food labels before buying and eating these packaged foods. Any sweetener that is sweet is not sugar and should not be used as a first aid food for hypoglycemia or as one of the foods to prevent hypoglycemia, and in case of hypoglycemia, you should eat real sugar or sugary drinks and grains.