The human immune system can resist the invasion of many foreign diseases. Plasma cells are a very important type of cell in the immune system and if they become diseased, they can put the body in a dangerous state of vulnerability to disease. Plasmacytoma is the proliferation of malignant plasma cells that occur outside the bone marrow. The disease is clinically classified into two types based on characteristics, isolated plasmacytoma of bone and extramedullary plasmacytoma. Since they are different types, the treatment methods must also be different, so let’s see what they are. Extramedullary plasmacytoma 1.The treatment of extramedullary plasmacytoma is preferred by radiation therapy, the dose of local radiation therapy is 40–50Gy. 2.If the tumor is limited and resectable, the effect is better after surgical resection plus local radiotherapy. 3.If the adjacent lymph nodes are involved, the lymph nodes should be included in the radiation treatment field. 4.For cases with extensive dissemination or relapse after radiation therapy, combined chemotherapy can be used, and the chemotherapy regimen is the same as that for multiple myeloma. 5. In summary, considering the high sensitivity of radiotherapy for EMP and the high risk of surgery, radiotherapy is currently the treatment of choice. Surgery may also be considered for local masses that are too large or for lesions that can be excised intact, and a postoperative combination radiotherapy regimen is used for extramedullary lymph nodes with extensive lesions, local lymph node involvement, and poor differentiation. Chemotherapy is less often chosen as the treatment for EMP, but it can be considered in cases with tumors larger than 5 cm, drug resistance, and relapse. Chemotherapy regimens are recommended for multiple myeloma. Isolated plasmacytoma of bone Treatment with local radiation therapy is preferred. If the lesion is easily resectable, local radiotherapy is more effective after surgical resection. When a compression fracture occurs in a damaged crestal vertebra, especially when it is complicated by neurological damage that may lead to paraplegia, resection of the diseased vertebra and artificial vertebral body replacement are feasible, followed by local radiation therapy, and satisfactory results can be obtained. The prognosis of this disease is better than that of multiple myeloma. The disease may develop into multiple myeloma, but those whose primary lesions are in the bones of the limbs are relatively less likely to transform into multiple myeloma. In general, in addition to judging the disease with clinical manifestations in time, it is also necessary to make a good distinction between the two types of the disease, because different types lead to different treatment methods, which should not be generalized to avoid reducing the treatment effect. Although the disease is malignant, but fortunately, if plasmacytoma is detected early and treated early, the prognosis is still relatively good, so patients do not need to worry too much.