In recent decades, the rapid development of medical technology has made a great contribution to people’s health, but the incidence of more and more incurable diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and Alzheimer’s disease, is also increasing, and the development of traditional Western medicine, which is based on chemical drugs and surgical treatment, is gradually encountering a bottleneck. Since the end of the 20th century, regenerative medicine, which is the third medical revolution, has become a new hope to cure these diseases. Dr. William Redd, a senior medical expert at Harvard University and a global leader in the field of stem cells, said, “Regenerative medicine has become a new hope for curing these diseases. Regenerative medicine is the next revolution in medicine after drugs and surgery, and has the potential to cure diseases, regenerate organs, and extend life. It has the potential to cure disease, regenerate organs, and extend life, and it can completely overturn the way we practice medicine.
Stemcells (SC) are a class of multipotential cells with the ability of self-replication (self-renewing), which can differentiate into adipose, bone, cartilage, muscle, muscle health, ligament, nerve, liver, cardiac muscle, endothelium and other tissue cells under specific induction conditions in vivo or in vitro, and still have multi-directional differentiation potential after successive passages of culture and cryopreservation. They are called “universal cells” in the medical field. Stem cells can be obtained from bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord, placental tissue, etc. Among them, umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) derived from healthy umbilical cord tissue are the most promising pluripotent stem cells for clinical application because they are easy to obtain, free from moral and ethical controversies, and can be obtained in large numbers with high viability, easy to expand and pass on, and free from mating and rejection problems. MSCs can be used as ideal seed cells for repairing tissue and organ damage caused by aging and disease.
1. MSC have the following properties (basis for treatment of diseases).
(1) Multi-directional differentiation: with strong proliferation ability and multi-directional differentiation potential, MSC can differentiate not only into hematopoietic cells but also into myoblasts, hepatocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, stromal cells and other cells under suitable in vivo or in vitro environment.
(2) Immunomodulation: low immunogenicity, immunomodulatory function, use does not cause immune rejection, and can inhibit rejection.
(3) Abundant quantity: stem cells are abundant in quantity, turning waste into treasure, easy to collect, and have no adverse effects on mother and fetus.
(4) Strong fertility: 1 billion cells can be cultured in vitro for multiple use.
(5) Safe and reliable: genetically stable, not suitable for mutation, and still has the characteristics of stem cells after several generations of amplification, so it is safe and reliable to use.
(6) Wide applicability: It has a wide range of application and can be used to treat almost all tissue damage, aging and degenerative changes.
2.MSC can play the following roles in the body.
(1) Cell differentiation into functional cells, replacing declining, damaged functional cells.
(2) Initiate the sequential expression of regeneration-related genes to initiate endogenous decline and damage repair in tissues and organs.
(3) Exogenous cells enter the body and secrete a variety of growth nutrient factors to improve the internal microenvironment of tissues and organs.
(4) Immunomodulatory effects reduce the inflammatory response of local tissues and organs.
(5) activating and enhancing the quality of immune cells, eliminating and preventing hidden diseases, inhibiting the activity of cancer cells and avoiding tumor formation.
(6) can differentiate skeletal muscle cells, so that fat distribution evenly, muscle firmness, tendons and bones soft.
(7) Promote collagen production, cell secretion of a variety of growth factors, effective regulation of the endocrine system and hormonal system.
3.MSC treatment indications.
(1) Hematological system diseases, mainly leukemia, which is an early and more mature area of clinical application.
(2) Diseases of the nervous system, such as Parkinson’s syndrome, Alzheimer’s disease, pediatric cerebral palsy, spinal cord injury, motor neuron disease, etc.
(3) Parenchymal organ damage or lesions, such as cirrhosis and its complications, chronic renal insufficiency and uremia, etc.
(4) Immune system diseases, mainly using the immunomodulatory effect of stem cells, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, etc.
(5) cardiovascular system diseases, such as myocardial infarction, vascular lesions, etc.
(6) Metabolic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus and its complications, etc.
(7) Bone and joint diseases, such as osteoarthritis, femoral head necrosis, etc.
(8) Other fields, such as corneal stem cells for eye diseases, stem cells for anti-aging, etc.
4.Safety evaluation.
At present, stem cell research has completed a series of safety experiments, including toxicity test, genetics test, local stimulation test, fever test and immunotoxicity test, etc. The results show that stem cells are safe and non-toxic. There is no mutation of adult stem cells after many generations, which means that there is no possibility of tumorigenicity. A lot of clinical data also show that there are no significant side effects or adverse reactions during stem cell treatment, except for a very small number of patients who have short term and mild fever and headache.
5.The possible side effects and treatment.
(1) If chills and fever appear, they usually subside on their own, but if they are higher than 39℃, they need to be cooled down or treated with heat reduction.
(2) Individuals such as bradycardia (due to low infusion temperature), hypothermia, etc., symptomatic treatment can be.
(3) If individual blood biochemical indicators change, take corresponding measures to deal with.