Treatment of idiopathic scoliosis depends on the age of the deformity at the time of detection, the rate of progression, the degree of scoliosis, the degree of growth and development, the appearance of the deformity, the balance of the body, and future trends. The general principle is to use non-surgical treatment as much as possible before the end of puberty, and if surgery is necessary before then, efforts should be made to postpone the age of surgery by non-surgical methods. I. Indications for brace therapy Brace therapy is only effective for patients whose skeletal growth has not yet ceased. For patients with insufficient growth potential, bracing should also be used for patients with 20 to 30 degrees of progression if 5 degrees of progression is demonstrated. If the initial diagnosis is less than 20 degrees, follow-up only is possible. On the contrary, for patients with very serious deformity and high risk of progression at the time of initial diagnosis, the effect of brace treatment is very poor and surgery should be considered. The advantages of this brace are that it is a clinically proven effective brace with little interference with the development of the thorax and breast, and can effectively maintain the balance of the trunk. The disadvantage is that the appearance of the brace is difficult to accept because of the cervical ring. The advantage of this brace is that it is worn under the arm and its appearance is easy to accept, but the disadvantage is that it is a full-contact brace (i.e., it is corrected passively), so it is uncomfortable and difficult to tolerate. Third, the brace is worn for 23 hours a day at the beginning, and one hour is used for physical therapy, breathing exercises, etc. The treatment plan of the brace varies from person to person and is often adjusted according to the progress of scoliosis and developmental status. In some patients, it is necessary to wear the brace until the skeleton is fully developed. In order to increase the patient’s tolerance of the brace and to allow the patient to start brace therapy in a more corrected state, in France it is common to start brace therapy with a de-rotated orthopedic cast in traction for two months, followed by a change of the treatment cast for two months. Evaluation of the efficacy of brace treatment There are few reports on brace treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in China, and most of the data come from foreign literature, with varying results. The relatively consistent results are: 1) the closer to skeletal maturity the brace treatment starts, the worse the outcome; 2) the brace can control the progression of the deformity, but it is more difficult to obtain lasting correction; 3) the non-standardized brace treatment has poor efficacy. The indicator of the effectiveness of brace treatment is whether it stops and slows the progression of scoliosis, not necessarily whether the brace corrects the scoliosis. In addition, bracing is also considered effective if it delays the age of surgery due to the control effect of the brace, although it does not save the patient from surgery. There may also be treatment of scoliosis using physical therapy, bodywork, electrical stimulation, traction suspension, and back bracing alone, but there are no scientific reports to date that prove that these methods alone are effective, but rather there are a large number of cases of treatment failure. Some scoliosis is detected early, but because the patient, family, or physician believes that these methods are effective, the opportunity for early bracing is missed, and what is obtained by the time growth ceases is a severe scoliosis with a thoracic deformity. Fifth, scoliosis enters adulthood with early onset of low back pain, rotational subluxation, etc.