Kidney stones are common in the urinary system and are more common in men than in women, mostly in young adults, with no significant difference in incidence between the left and right sides. 40% to 75% of kidney stone patients have varying degrees of back pain. Larger stones with minimal mobility are characterized by lumbar discomfort, or vague or dull pain when physical activity increases. Smaller stones cause colic, which often occurs suddenly with severe pain like cutting in the lower back and abdomen, in paroxysms.
I. Clinical manifestations
1, pain: pain is often located in the spinal rib angle, lumbar region and abdomen. When renal colic attacks, it is a serious cutting-like pain, often sudden onset, pain often radiates to the lower abdomen, groin, abdominal side, women are radiated to the labial area. In severe cases of renal colic, the face is pale, the body has a cold sweat, and the pulse is thin and rapid, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, and constipation. The attack lasts from a few minutes to a few hours, and often relieves itself.
2, hematuria: kidney stones often have flesh-eye hematuria or microscopic hematuria, the latter is the majority.
3, urinary tract infection: a common complication of kidney stones, pus urine can occur when infection occurs.
4, history of stone discharge: previous history of stone discharge in urine. Especially in painful and hematuric episodes with sand or small stones mixed in the urine. Obstruction or stabbing pain may occur when stones pass through the urethra.
II. Treatment
General treatment
1. Drink plenty of water: maintain the daily urine volume at 2-3L as much as possible.
2. For acute renal colic, apply antispasmodics to relieve pain.
3. Drug for stone removal.
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL).
ESWL is less damaging and easy to operate, but requires a patent ureter on the affected side and good kidney function. The best results are achieved with stones less than 2cm in diameter. Jiangdong Urological Hospital has introduced the most advanced ESWI-V improved type in China, which adopts B ultrasound, X-ray (high frequency bulb tube display), dual positioning, electromagnetic disk wave source and liquid electric wave source dual wave source lithotripsy system, and the operating physicians have accumulated thousands of successful cases and the technology number is the leading level in China.
Intracavitary surgery treatment.
Using percutaneous nephrolithoscopy or ureteroscopy combined with liquid electricity, ultrasound, pneumatic ballistic, holmium laser and other lithotripsy methods, the stones are crushed and removed.
Open surgery: Indications:
1, huge or multiple kidney stones.
2, failure of other treatments.
3, combined with severe obstruction or infection.
4, non-functional pus kidney.
5, stones combined with tumors.
6, the presence of causes of kidney stones that require surgical treatment.