Kidney stones are a type of urinary tract stone and are also common in clinical practice. Most patients with kidney stones are found on physical examination. Most of them have no clinical symptoms when they are not large and therefore do not require special treatment. When stones grow to a certain size or fall into the ureter, they can cause renal colic. Treatment of kidney stones includes treatment of stones and symptomatic treatment of renal colic. The treatment methods include conservative treatment, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotripsy, ureteral soft lithotripsy, etc. Generally speaking, single kidney stones smaller than 0.6 cm can be observed and have the possibility of self-discharge. Surgical treatment is not required for the time being, and the progress of stones can be slowed down by flushing with plenty of water. Extracorporeal lithotripsy is mostly used to treat stones less than 1 cm in the pelvic ureteral junction. Multiple kidney stones with a stone diameter of less than 2 cm can be considered for ureteral chondroscopy or percutaneous nephrolithotomy. When the stone load is large or even becomes a cast stone, percutaneous nephrolithotomy is the best treatment. In summary, the treatment of kidney stones can be chosen according to the size and location of the stones, mainly including percutaneous nephrolithotomy, extracorporeal lithotripsy, ureteroscopic lithotripsy, etc. Of course, it is equally important to drink a lot of water and reduce the intake of foods containing more oxalic acid for prevention.