In the field of limb lengthening, the current era is known as the Ilizarov era. The development of new traction fixation devices and, more importantly, the introduction of the concept of retraction regeneration has led to a new understanding of the biological process of limb lengthening. The principle of the Ilizarov technique is that the slow stretching of biological tissues generates a certain tension, which stimulates the regeneration and active growth of bones and their appendages, in the same way as fetal tissues, with the same cell division. Experiments have confirmed that osteogenesis in the bone traction zone is intramembranous and forms new bone. The technique is based on 1 mm per day, with 4 extensions, and close observation of the blood circulation, movement and sensation of the affected limb in the middle and late stages. Common complications of this technique are: muscle contracture, joint dislocation, nerve damage, axial deviation, vascular damage, premature healing, delayed healing, re-fracture, joint stiffness, pin tract infection and pin relaxation.