Parents should stay alert and pay attention to their children’s usual appearance and behavior. If there are sudden abnormalities, it most likely means that the child is sick. The following are common signs when a child is sick: 1. irritability (especially under 3 years old) 2. extra tiredness and low energy (pneumonia) 3. extra crying (common in infancy) 4. flushed or pale face (may be fever) 5. headache or earache (may be otitis media caused by cold) 6. skin rash 7. cold sweat or chills 8. chills or fever on the forehead 9. poor appetite 10. stomach pain 11. Change in the frequency or shape of stools 12. Decreased or increased urine output 13. Note: Temperature[a2] should always be taken with a thermometer. For physicians, an accurate temperature is an important piece of data. Anal temperature is closest to the true value of internal temperature; oral temperature is not easily measured; axillary temperature is lower. Ear temperature is about the same as the fluid temperature Normal value: oral sublingual temperature of 37 ℃ range in (36.3-37.2 ℃) rectal temperature of 36.5-37.7 ℃ (0.3-0.5 ℃ higher than the oral temperature), axillary temperature of 36.0-37.0 (0.3-0.5 ℃ lower than the oral temperature).