Blood consists of two main components: plasma and blood cells. Blood cells can be broadly divided into white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets. Routine blood test is a test for blood cells, which is one of the most widely used tests in the clinic, together with urine routine and stool routine as the three basic clinical tests. In routine blood test, we not only need to pay attention to the number of various blood cells, but also need to pay attention to the ratio and changes between different cells. For experienced clinicians, a routine blood test is like a magnifying glass, showing the patient’s “life information” clearly. Isn’t it just a simple laboratory test? Why does it have such a big role? Below we will take a look at the blood routine of the several observation indicators have what the mystery in it! 1, white blood cell count and classification White blood cells are also called white blood cells, and people usually call them “immune cells”, so it can be seen that the white blood cells and human immunity have a certain correlation. In the human body, it is mainly responsible for phagocytosis of foreign bodies, resistance to germs and enhancement of the body’s ability to resist disease, a heavy task, so it is also one of the most important indicators of blood routine observation. The usual reference value of white blood cell count is 4-10×109/L. Elevated white blood cell count can be caused by physiological factors such as physical exercise and menstrual cycle, as well as bacterial and viral infections, and is often only mildly elevated. Decreased white blood cell count can be caused by exposure to radioactive substances, long-term malnutrition and other factors. When the white blood cell count decreases, the body’s immune function is reduced, and recurrent infections are likely to occur and the disease is not easy to be cured. Abnormalities in white blood cell counts caused by these conditions are often mild and slow. The most common clinical cause of severe white blood cell count abnormalities is hematologic diseases, or blood disorders, which can cause severe white blood cell count changes in both benign and malignant hematologic diseases. For example, in leukemia, the white blood cell count can be as high as 100×109/L, while in myelodysplastic syndromes, the white blood cell count can be as low as 0.5×109/L. At this time, not only the total white blood cell count has changed quantitatively, but also qualitatively, so we need to further check the white blood cell classification and count. Leukocytes can be broadly categorized as neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes, each of which accounts for a certain percentage of the total leukocyte count, and when their percentage or count is abnormal, it can often be very informative. For example, in bacterial infections, the proportion and count of neutrophils are elevated to fight bacteria; in viral infections, the proportion and count of lymphocytes are significantly elevated; and eosinophils are often higher than normal in cases of pollen allergy, eczema, and so on. In the case of acute leukemia, various cell counts and ratios can be abnormal, and on this basis, bone marrow aspiration and flow cytometry can be used to determine the type of leukemia in order to formulate a treatment plan. Therefore, when there are serious abnormalities in white blood cell counts or classifications, one should consult a specialist in time for further diagnosis and examination, so as not to miss the opportunity of the disease! 2, red blood cells and hemoglobin red blood cells, also known as red blood cells, which contain hemoglobin, is the most important “transportation” in the body to transport oxygen through the blood! In our life, we often say that this person’s color is not good, no blood, that person’s lips are white, etc., usually refers to the red blood cells and hemoglobin due to the lowering of the external manifestations of the emergence of hemoglobin. The normal reference value of erythrocyte varies according to gender and age, but the basic reference value is 3.5-5.5×1012/L. The normal reference value of hemoglobin is 110-160g/L. When the hemoglobin level is lower than the lower limit of normal value, we call it anemia, and then according to the degree of reduction, it is classified as mild, moderate and severe anemia. When red blood cells and hemoglobin are low, the body often suffers from a lack of oxygen, which can lead to a series of symptoms such as dizziness, fatigue, panic, chest tightness, etc. The most common cause is acute and chronic anemia. The most common causes are acute and chronic blood loss, iron deficiency anemia, megaloblastic anemia, hemolytic anemia, malnutrition, etc. It is also the most common manifestation of severe hematological disorders: myelodysplastic syndromes, acute leukemia, malignant lymphoma, etc. It is very important to find out the cause of the decrease of red blood cells and hemoglobin for patients, therefore, when you have “anemia”, you should consult a specialist hospital in time to help you identify the cause of the disease, so as to reduce the possibility of serious consequences and to protect the oxygen and energy supply of the heart, brain, kidneys and other important organs. Platelet count Platelets are a kind of small cells present in large quantities in the blood, which play an important role in blood clotting and prevention of bleeding. In normal human blood, platelet count is basically within a constant range: 100-300×109/L, which plays a crucial role in preventing bleeding, hemostasis, wound repair and other processes. The most common clinical manifestation of thrombocytopenia is skin and mucous membrane bleeding, such as irregular epistaxis, epistaxis, large subcutaneous petechiae after bumping and gastrointestinal bleeding, etc. Diseases causing thrombocytopenia can be seen as systemic lupus erythematosus, allergic purpura, myelodysplastic syndromes, aplastic anemia, acute leukemia and so on. The most common adverse effect of thrombocytosis is the embolism of various organs, such as cerebral infarction, pulmonary embolism, etc., and the clinical diseases are mostly seen in primary thrombocythemia. Therefore, once found that the platelet count changes should actively seek medical treatment, especially platelet severe reduction, so as to avoid serious bleeding, embolism and other diseases and life-threatening! Through the above brief introduction, we can see that a simple and convenient test such as routine blood count is so important in disease diagnosis, treatment and efficacy observation! Especially in the early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment of hematologic diseases, it plays an indispensable and important role! Therefore, to be able to read and understand the routine blood test and to find a specialist for further diagnosis and treatment is a basic common sense that each of us should have. Now, have you learned it?