The age of onset is usually between 8 and 12 years, while in adults it is usually between 25 and 40 years. The clinical manifestations of central uremia are twofold: polyuria and thirst due to antidiuretic hormone (AVP) deficiency and symptoms related to the cause, such as headache due to an occupying lesion. Most patients initially experience increased urination and increased urine output, followed by irritable thirst and excessive drinking. Patients with childhood onset may have prolonged polyuria causing dilatation of the bladder, ureter and renal pelvis, impairing renal function, and may also be combined with osteoporosis. Bedwetting may occur in children. If patients are unable to drink or do not receive water, they may show signs of hypovolemia, such as palpitations, panic, decreased blood pressure, cold extremities, shock, and pre-renal azotemia, which can be rapidly corrected by timely blood volume supplementation. If the hypovolemic state is not corrected promptly, headache, irritability, delirium, and coma may occur. In patients with anterior hypopituitarism, the incidence of pituitary hormone deficiency is ranked from highest to lowest as growth hormone deficiency, glucocorticoid deficiency, gonadotropin deficiency, lactogen deficiency, and thyroid hormone deficiency, with organic lesions being more common than idiopathic hypopituitarism combined with pituitary hormone deficiency. Patients can be divided into three types of mild to moderate severity according to their 24 disappearing urine volume. Mild urine volume of 3000-4000ml; moderate urine volume of 4000-6000ml; severe urine volume of 6000ml or more.