The hourly urine output of patients with uremia cannot be specified, and is usually clinically calculated as 24-hour urine output, which is related to the type of disease and the individual patient and cannot be generalized. There are two types of uremia: nephrogenic uremia and central uremia. In the case of nephrogenic uremia, the kidneys produce large amounts of dilute urine mainly due to the inability to respond to antidiuretic hormones and the inability to concentrate the urine. The symptoms of nephrogenic uremia are excessive thirst and the excretion of large amounts of dilute urine, up to 3-20 L per day. in the case of central uremia, which is mainly due to antidiuretic hormone deficiency, patients excrete up to 3-30 L of urine per day, depending on the individual. Patients with uremia should avoid mental stimulation in their daily life, avoid foods with high protein, high fat, spicy and high salt content in their diet, and avoid drinking tea and coffee.