In each of our brains there is a pituitary gland that secretes a substance called antidiuretic hormone to control our daily urine volume and water intake. Once its synthesis and secretion are reduced, a situation of uncontrolled drinking and urination occurs, i.e., enuresis. Clinically, sick children often show sudden onset of excessive drinking and urination, and prefer to drink cool water; due to the large amount of water, children may have loss of appetite; younger children may have fever due to untimely drinking, and the fever will subside after drinking water; older children show irritability and headache when they do not drink enough water. The growth and development of the child can be affected by the prolonged course of the disease. The common causes in children are craniopharyngioma, Langan’s cell histiocytosis, skull base injury, skull base infection, etc.; there are also some children for whom no obvious cause can be found, called idiopathic uveitis, but it does not mean that there must be no cause. After such children are diagnosed, they still need to have regular follow-up examinations and cranial magnetic resonance imaging, etc. As the disease please develops, evidence of intracranial tumor can often be found after several years. Parents should observe the child’s response to treatment in daily life, such as daily urine volume and water intake; they should also pay attention to the occurrence of headache, weakness, blurred vision, etc. Once these conditions occur, they should be promptly reviewed at the hospital. The general treatment methods for uremia include: posterior pituitary lobe pressin oral, nasal spray, intramuscular injection, etc. The efficacy is relatively satisfactory; among them, oral treatment has the advantages of convenience and ease, less adverse reactions and less pain for the child, but the treatment cost is relatively high and the economic burden of long-term treatment is heavy.