Diabetes Surgery Diabetes has become one of the chronic diseases that seriously threaten human health. Coronary heart disease, nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy caused by diabetes are the main causes of death and disability of patients. The incidence of diabetes in the world is increasing significantly year by year. The current prevalence of diabetes in adults in China is about 9.7%, with a total of about 90 million people, of which type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounts for 90%. The traditional treatment methods of diabetes include diet control, exercise, oral hypoglycemic drugs and insulin injection, etc. However, these treatment methods can hardly cure diabetes fundamentally, keep patients’ blood sugar stable for a long time, and prevent the occurrence and development of various complications of diabetes fundamentally. Strict dietary control and repeated fluctuations in blood glucose levels cause constant mental stress to patients and affect the quality of life. Diabetes usually coexists with obesity, and about 90% of patients with T2DM are obese or overweight. In recent years, with the booming development of bariatric surgery in China and abroad, more and more obese patients are undergoing bariatric surgery and achieving good results in weight loss, as well as effectively improving the co-existing disorders of glucose metabolism in most patients. Gastrointestinal bariatric surgery in severely obese patients can lead to clinical remission in 60-85% of type 2 diabetic patients, and the treatment effect is better when the disease is at an early stage. With the improvement of surgical safety and the implementation of minimally invasive surgery, gastrointestinal bariatric surgery for the treatment of obesity-related type 2 diabetes has gained expert consensus and is included in diabetes treatment guidelines. The main mechanisms of gastrointestinal surgery for the treatment of diabetes are: 1. reduced food intake and absorption, thus reducing energy intake and glucose metabolic load; 2. reduced weight of patients and reduced insulin resistance caused by fat accumulation due to simple obesity; 3. altered secretion of hormones in the intestine-insulin axis after gastrointestinal tract reconstruction, thus improving glucose metabolism. Currently, there are five main surgical methods for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, namely Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass), Mini Gastric Bypass (Mini Gastric Bypass), Biliopancreatic Open Heart and Duodenal Transposition (BPD & BPD-DS), Sleeve Gastrectomy (SLEEVE) and adjustable gastric banding (LAGB).