Urinary tract infections are divided into upper urinary tract infections and lower urinary tract infections, with upper urinary tract infections referring to pyelonephritis and lower urinary tract infections referring to cystitis. They are more common in women.
Causes of urinary tract infections
Urinary tract infections are caused by direct invasion by bacteria (rarely by fungi, protozoa, viruses).
Symptoms of urinary tract infection
I. Acute pyelonephritis: 1.
1, rapid onset.
2, chills, chills.
3, fever.
4, general malaise, headache, weakness.
5, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting.
6.Urinary frequency, urgency, painful urination.
7.Lumbar pain, discomfort in the kidney area.
8, upper ureteral point pressure pain.
9.pressure pain at the rib and lumbar points.
10, percussion pain in the kidney area.
11, pressure pain in the bladder area.
Second, cystitis: urinary frequency, urinary urgency, urinary pain, pain in the bladder area.
What tests are needed for urinary tract infection
1. pressure pain at the rib and waist points, percussion pain in the kidney area.
2. routine urinalysis with leukocytosis and pus in the urine.
3, staining of urine sediment smear to find bacteria.
4, urine bacterial culture to find bacteria.
5, urine colony count >5th power of 10/ml, with symptoms such as frequent urination, >2nd power of 10/ml also has significance; cocci 3rd power of 10 – 4th power of 10/ml also has diagnostic significance.
6, one-hour urine sediment count leukocytes > 200,000.
7, blood count shows elevated leukocytes and left shift of neutrophil nuclei.
8, increased blood sedimentation.
Treatment of urinary tract infection
1, symptomatic supportive treatment.
2.Treatment against pathogens.
3. maintenance of water-electrolyte balance.
4.All patients are encouraged to drink more water and maintain more than 2000ml per day.
Reasons why women are prone to urinary tract infections
1, the special nature of the female genitourinary system structure, women’s urethra is shorter and more relaxed than men’s, bacteria can easily enter.
2, women’s urethra is adjacent to the vagina and anus, while men’s urethra is far from the perineum.
3, menstruation and sexual activity, menstrual blood is the best culture of bacteria. After intercourse on the toilet to urinate, the bacteria pushed in due to sexual action, before it invades the mucous membrane tissue flush, discharge out of the body.
4. Pregnancy When pregnant, the enlarged uterus will press the bladder and ureter, and endocrine changes also slow down ureteral diastole and peristalsis, making the urine flow slow or forming a mild effusion. This situation is also conducive to bacterial invasion and reproduction and cause disease.
5, hold urine Its will cause two adverse consequences. First, urine stays in the bladder for a long time, so in case a small amount of bacteria invades, it has more time to multiply and invade the tissues; second, the bladder is full and the pressure increases, so urine will flow backwards up to the ureter, and if bacteria have already invaded, they will be sent further upstream, causing pyelonephritis.