Tetanus prevention includes automatic immunization, passive immunization and post-injury debridement and perinatal protection. 1.Active immunization China has long included pertussis vaccine, diphtheria toxoid and tetanus toxoid mixed as a triple vaccine in the childhood immunization program. The targets of vaccination are children from 3 to 5 months of age, with subcutaneous injections of 0.25ml, 0.5ml and 0.5ml three times in the first year, with an interval of 4 weeks. In the second year, 0.5 ml was injected subcutaneously once, and the vaccination was repeated once between 1.5 and 2 years of age. Subsequent booster injections of 1ml can be given every 2 years until school entry to maintain antibody levels. For military personnel and injury-prone occupational workers who have not been actively immunized against tetanus, aluminum phosphate adsorption of refined tetanus toxoid can be used for crowd immunization, which is economically safe and effective. The method is two intramuscular injections of 0.5 ml each in the first year, with an interval of 4-8 weeks. In the second year, 0.5 ml is injected intramuscularly, and then every 5 to 10 years, the level of effective antibodies can be maintained with a booster injection. An additional injection can be given at the time of injury to achieve enhanced antibody levels. Tetanus toxoid is highly immunogenic and has a high success rate after vaccination, and there are few cases of re-infection after vaccination. In areas with a high incidence of tetanus, it is advocated that pregnant women be immunized against tetanus in the second trimester. The method is intra-muscular injection of tetanus toxoid 0.5ml each time, 3 times with an interval of 1 month, and the last injection should be 1 month before delivery. This not only maintains a high level of maternal antibodies at the time of delivery, but also provides sufficient antibodies to be passed on to the baby for effective protection and prevention. The World Health Organization had an extensive global childhood tetanus immunization program in the hope of virtually eliminating tetanus worldwide by the year 2000. Unfortunately, this goal is far from being reached. Planned immunization surveillance reports from the United States and the United Kingdom show that tetanus protective antibodies, gradually decline with age. In adults only about 60％ or so have protective antibodies. Therefore, how to protect the elderly and further universal tetanus immunization programs in developing countries is still a problem that remains to be worked on. 2. Passive immunization is mainly used for injured people who have not been automatically immunized against tetanus. Tetanus antitoxin TAT is used. 1000~2000U, 1 injection. Before injection, a skin test is required, and if the skin test is positive, it should be given in parts by desensitization injection instead. The protection period can be maintained for about 10 days after injection. Human tetanus immunoglobulin 500-1000 U can also be injected intramuscularly, which can maintain the protection period of 3-4 weeks. To enhance the protective effect, it is best to start establishing active immunity at the same time. After passive immunization, some people may still develop the disease, but usually the incubation period is long and the disease is also mild. 3, wound treatment The timely and thorough debridement and treatment of wounds can effectively prevent the infection and reproduction of tetanus bacteria. Including the strict disinfection of the maternity process, have a definite preventive effect. In addition, if the wound is deep or serious contamination, appropriate antibiotics should be selected early to prevent and control infection. It is generally advocated that it is best applied within 6h of injury and the course of treatment is 3-5 days. The purpose is mainly to control the infection of oxidizing pus bacteria, thus avoiding the creation of an anaerobic microenvironment to control and prevent the growth and reproduction of Clostridium tetani. The passive immunization method now in use is the injection of tetanus antitoxin (TAT) obtained from refined animal (bovine or equine) serum. It is a heterogeneous protein that is antigenic, can cause allergic reactions, and does not remain in the body for long, starting to be removed by the body after 6 days. Therefore, this tetanus antitoxin is not yet ideal. The ideal product is human tetanus immunoglobulin, which has no allergic reactions and can stay in the body for 4-5 weeks after 1 injection, with an immune efficacy 10 times higher than that of tetanus toxin. Its prophylactic dose is 250-500U, injected intramuscularly. Human tetanus immune protein sources are less, the preparation is complex, in the current situation can not be universally applied, the injection of tetanus antitoxin is still not lost as a major passive immunization method. Inject 1,500 IU (1 ml) of tetanus antibiotic intramuscularly as early as possible after the injury. The dose can be doubled in cases of severe wound contamination or if the injury has lasted more than 12 hours. The best results are usually achieved by injection within 24 hours after the injury. The dose for adults and children is the same. If necessary, another injection can be given 2 to 3 days later. Before each injection of antitoxin, ask if there is a history of allergy and make an intradermal allergy test: use 0.1 ml of antitoxin, add isotonic saline diluted to 1 ml. inject 0.1 ml of diluted solution intradermally in the flexor surface of the forearm; another hard mass with equal flushing and slight elevation in the same part of the opposite forearm is positive and should be injected by desensitization method. However, this method does not completely avoid the occurrence of allergic reactions, so it is best not to use this antitoxin for injection. The desensitization method of injection is to dilute 1ml of antitoxin 10 times with isotonic salt, divide it into 1, 2, 3 and 4ml, and inject it subcutaneously once every half hour in sequence. After each injection, observe any reaction. If the patient has pale face, weakness, urticaria or painful itchy skin, sneezing, coughing, joint pain or even shock, ephedrine 50mg or epinephrine 1mg (adult dose) should be injected subcutaneously immediately and antitoxin injection should be stopped.