Nursing Care for Kidney Cancer Patients
Kidney cancer nursing is closely carried out around the treatment process of kidney cancer from the beginning to the end. From the initial psychological comfort to preoperative guidance and postoperative care, kidney cancer nursing should be integrated into all aspects. Generally speaking, the survival rate of kidney cancer after nephrectomy is 35%-40% in 5 years and 17%-30% in 10 years. The prognosis of kidney cancer is sometimes difficult to estimate, so the nursing work of kidney cancer should not be underestimated. The care of kidney cancer includes.
Pre- and post-operative care of kidney cancer.
1.Psychological care: When most patients suddenly know that they have been diagnosed with kidney cancer without any thought preparation, they can hardly bear such malignant stimulation at first, showing pessimism and disappointment, atrophy, insomnia, anorexia and emotional irritability. Patients with kidney cancer generally have relatively poor systemic conditions. Doctors must patiently explain the purpose and significance of surgery to patients and family members, eliminate their worries, mobilize their enthusiasm, and strive for their close cooperation to successfully complete various preoperative examinations. The nurse and the patient’s family should deeply understand the psychological changes of the patient, care for the patient, give the greatest spiritual encouragement and establish a good patient-care relationship with the patient. Patiently explain the safety of treatment and the necessity of surgery to save lives, so that the patient’s mind is stable and cooperates with treatment.
2.Pre-operative care: nutritional support is needed, which is especially important. For patients who cannot be given orally, vitamins, electrolytes and trace elements should be supplemented intravenously to actively improve the nutritional status of patients before surgery and increase their tolerance for surgery. In some cases, the condition requires a combined organ resection, so a more thorough bowel preparation is routinely performed. In the early stage, clean enema is given once in the evening before surgery and once in the morning of surgery.
3, postoperative care general care: postoperative monitoring should be carried out, before the general anesthesia is awake, according to the routine care of general anesthesia, special escort, pay attention to the changes in body temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, routine oxygen inhalation. Adjust the infusion speed and infusion volume according to the central venous pressure measurement results. Encourage patients to breathe deeply, assist in coughing or give nebulized inhalation if necessary, and let patients turn over diligently without affecting the safety of treatment.
4. Diet and nutrition: diet care should follow the principles of less and more meals, gradual, balanced, reasonable and individualized nutrition, and patients’ daily total calorie and protein, fat and mineral intake can be roughly calculated and given guidance.
Nursing care of advanced kidney cancer
General care: Assist patients to complete necessary examinations before treatment, such as blood routine, liver function, kidney function, CT scan and enhancement of upper abdomen, etc.
Psychological care.
1. It is to let patients and their family members understand the lesion situation and the possible consequences and seriousness of the lesion without treatment.
2. is the method of treatment and the possible efficacy of treatment.
3. It is the cost of treatment.
4. The possible complications during the treatment process and their consequences.
5. The cooperation in the treatment process.
Daily family care of kidney cancer
1.Family members are good assistants: it is very important for patients’ recovery to play the supporting and auxiliary role of family and create a good atmosphere and environment for treatment and recuperation. Family members generally have to take up a lot of life care and nursing work in the treatment and recovery of patients. Changes in the patient’s temperature, weight, clothing size, bowel movements, appetite, and mood can be directly observed by family members. These conditions are very informative for doctors to decide and adjust the treatment plan, so it is not too much to say that family members are good assistants and good counselors for doctors.
2, the combination of static and dynamic: regular living, life has a section. Develop good living habits, reasonable arrangements for sleep, work, study, activities, entertainment and meals, “dial” their biological clock. As far as possible, let the patient get up and move around, live on their own or partially on their own, to prevent premature bed-ridden. But also pay attention to avoid excessive fatigue, excessive exercise. Prevent cold and flu, etc.
3, diet care: tumor patients consume a lot of nutrition, and the treatment means of tumor aggravate the existing nutritional disorders of patients. Therefore, it is important to make patients understand that nutritional conditioning is also an important part of tumor treatment. For patients with poor appetite, poor appetite and low food intake, first of all, try to have a good diet in terms of color, aroma, taste and shape, and have a small number of meals to avoid blind taboos. Some digestive drugs can be taken under the guidance of doctors. If you have abdominal distension, you should pay attention to adjust the diet structure and avoid eating indigestible and gas-producing foods. At the same time, pay attention to oral hygiene, rinse mouth with light salt water or mouthwash regularly, avoid smoking, alcohol and spicy, oily and other stimulating foods. Special dietary principles for kidney cancer patients: moderate protein intake: 0.6 kg per kg of body weight per day is appropriate for protein intake. While controlling protein, adequate calorie intake is needed to maintain ideal body weight. The recommended daily intake of protein, of which 50-75% should come from animal protein, such as: chicken, duck, fish, meat, eggs, milk. The rest of the protein is supplied by rice, noodles, vegetables and fruits.
4.Pain care: the use of drug analgesia is the main means of treating cancer pain at present. However, in addition to physical pain, patients may also suffer from excessive mental tension and emotional anxiety, so psychological care can also relieve patients’ pain. For example, once the pain attacks, family members and friends will come to the patient to bring mental comfort to the patient. The patient’s emotional stability and good state of mind can enhance the tolerance of pain. In addition, distraction can also effectively reduce the perception of pain. Secondly, keeping the environment quiet and reducing adverse stimuli can often reduce the dosage of analgesics and prolong the interval of medication.
5.Regular review: even if the kidney cancer is controlled and remitted after effective treatment, it is not the same as cured. Patients and their family members still need to be vigilant at all times, review regularly, and actively cooperate with medical follow-up to deal with abnormalities as soon as possible.