Health education on pressure sores I. Pay attention to strengthening nutrition Because malnutrition is one of the causes of bedsores, patients who are prone to bedsores should be given a diet high in protein, calories and vitamins according to their condition. Do “seven diligent”, that is, turn over, scrub, massage, change, tidy, check, and give explanations. Specific methods are: for patients who are bedridden for a long time, change the position regularly every day, and turn over once every 2 to 3 hours. Check the pressure area regularly, scrub and massage the elevated pressure area with hot and wet towels. If the skin is dry and flaky
A small amount of lubricant can be applied to prevent dryness and bleeding, and the protruding pressure area can be padded with an air ring or sponge pad to relieve the pressure.
to relieve the pressure. The bed should be kept dry and clean, and the diaper should be changed in time when it is wet. When the patient is incontinent, the skin should be kept dry, and when changing the position and putting in the potty, the action should be gentle.
To promote blood circulation damage, use the thumb size of the interphalangeal from the sacral tail to start along both sides of the spine upward massage to the shoulder, and then down to the waist, and then from the sacral tail along the spine massage to the seventh cervical vertebra. Massage the size of the interphalangeal close to the skin, even pressure, from light to heavy, and then from the sacrococcygeal to the seventh cervical vertebra.
The pressure from light to heavy, and then from heavy to light, alternately, as a centripetal massage, to promote the back of the spine Diabetic foot health education A, check the feet daily routine check the feet
Regularly check the pulsation, elasticity, skin color and temperature of the dorsal arteries of the feet, including the soles of the feet, toes and toe joints, each skin should be meticulously examined by hand, and any abnormalities or injuries should be noted, such as blisters, scratches, red skin, hard skin, breaks, abrasions, local heat, local cold, peeling skin, etc. Pay attention to whether the toenail is too long or too thick, whether there are ingrown nails, whether there are splits, whether there is nail fungus, and whether there are color changes in the toenail. Yellowish green may be a mold infection, while purple may have bleeding under the nail. If abnormalities are found, the patient should immediately go to the hospital for medical attention. Second, maintain foot hygiene daily foot washing, changing shoes and socks, but before washing the feet must first use the hand or thermometer to test the water temperature, the general requirement that the water temperature does not exceed the body surface temperature, 37 to 39 degrees is appropriate. The water is too hot easy to burn the skin, due to microcirculatory disorders and vascular lesions so that the skin vascular can not be normal expansion, the reduction in blood supply also makes the skin does not have enough blood to take away the heat, so that the heat in the local aggregation of burns. Foot soaking time should not be too long, to 10min is appropriate, foot soaking time is too long, the water temperature drops, is also not conducive to blood circulation. Washing feet should be used with neutral soap. After washing the feet should be clean, soft, absorbent towel to gently dry the feet, if the towel is hard and rough or too heavy, are easy to cause the foot skin imperceptible trauma. The best towel for foot wipe is white. So that you can easily find out whether there is blood or pus stains. Third, repair calluses (corns) calluses are an important hidden problem leading to foot ulcers, should be eliminated in a timely manner. Callus repair should be carried out under the guidance of a doctor to avoid damage to normal tissue. When repairing calluses, first wash your feet with warm water to soften them, then use wood sandpaper to grind away the keratinized layer, it is best not to use sharp instruments to cut. The callus should be repaired gradually, little by little every day, and the surface should be lubricated after each repair. If there is pain or bleeding when removing the callus, the patient should go to the hospital immediately if the normal tissue is injured. The corns should be treated by a specialist, and patients should not trim them themselves, nor should they use prescriptions for external application. Fourth, keep the skin lubricated diabetic patients due to autonomic neuropathy, reduced sweating, dry foot skin, especially the heel, prone to skin cracking, and can further form ulcers, secondary infection. Every day you can apply suet or vegetable oil lubricant, and gently and fully massage the skin. If the sweaty feet, sweating too much prone to fungal infection, can be used to wipe between the toes of medical ethanol, in the foot wash can add a little vinegar solution in the foot wash water, because the acidic environment is not conducive to the growth of fungi. Fifth, choose the right shoes and socks Selected shoes should be long enough, wide enough, deep enough to give double enough space to be loose, breathable and have a certain role in resisting external forces. The texture should be smooth and soft, with cowhide shoes and cloth shoes is appropriate. Do not wear high-heeled, pointed, hard leather and plastic shoes, but also often check and remove the possible foreign objects inside the shoes.
Socks should be made of cotton and wool to absorb sweat and breathe. Don’t wear socks that are too big or have an elastic band. Change daily, do not wear socks with patches or tears, to prevent uneven pressure on the feet, affecting blood circulation. Sixth, the prevention of accidental injury to the foot As a result of hyperglycemia in diabetic patients will cause peripheral neuropathy, microcirculation and vascular disease throughout the body, this change in the foot will also inevitably occur. Peripheral neuropathy will lead to abnormal skin sensation, muscle atrophy, dry skin and abnormal sweat secretion in the foot, so that the defensive function of the foot decreases, the formation of senseless feet, the loss of protective reflexes of the foot, vulnerable to various traumas. Barefoot walking should be strictly prohibited, except in the morning and evening when you get up can use slippers, usually do not wear slippers, it is best not to wear sandals, disable hot water bags, electric blankets, fireplaces, so as not to burn, foot cold can wear a pair of socks, sleep can wear cotton foot protectors, so as not to frostbite feet. Also try to avoid pedicure to reduce the chances of foot injury. Seven, improve foot circulation Long-term bed rest, pay attention to changing positions, especially the lower extremities to do more flexion and extension exercises, and often elevate the lower extremities to promote venous return; foot massage several times a day, gentle movements, should start from the tip of the toe up massage, promote the affected limb blood pipe, effective means of neuropathy.