What factors lead to the occurrence of diabetic foot? 1, diabetes can be complicated by foot vasculopathy: diabetic patients are prone to atherosclerosis, so that the lumen of the artery is blocked; at the same time, diabetes can induce damage to the blood vessel wall and abnormal platelet function in the blood, platelet agglutination is enhanced, the blood vessels tend to spasm, contributing to the occurrence of arterial lesions and local vascular obstruction. 2, diabetes can be complicated by peripheral neuropathy of the foot: (1) foot sensory and motor nerve disorders, muscle atrophy, skeletal deformation, pain, temperature sensation is reduced or disappeared, vulnerable to trauma or self-inflicted tissue damage infection; (2) foot plant neuropathy leads to reduced sweating, dry skin, vascular diastolic dysfunction, tissue ischemia and brittle cracking and infection necrosis. Diabetic neuropathy and diabetic vasculopathy interact with each other and influence each other. Once there is a tiny skin wound on the foot, it is very easy to be infected and form a hard-to-heal ulcer, which eventually leads to gangrene of the limb and the patient faces amputation if the treatment care is improper or untimely. In winter, the correct self-care of diabetic patients at home is very critical, if you adhere to, completely able to prevent the occurrence of diabetic foot tragedy, the following experience to share with you: 1, never scald your feet. Wash your feet every day with warm water and non-irritating soap, soak for 5 minutes, and dry them with a white towel. The temperature of the foot wash water at 40 ℃, is not hot to touch with your hands (people with sensory impairment can ask family members to help or use a thermometer to measure). Folk often advocate the use of hot water to scald the feet, that hot water can relieve fatigue, but for diabetic patients, in order to avoid burns, it is recommended to use warm water is good. Keep the feet and toes between the dry, easy to sweat feet of patients, the choice of non-irritating dry powder, dry feet after application. 2, dry feet apply skin care products to prevent dry and cracked skin. 3.Feeling cannot be trusted, make sure to check the feet every day. Diabetic patients must learn to properly observe whether the foot is healthy or has hidden problems. As diabetics have skin sensory impairment, so never believe in self-perception, must carefully check the feet for abnormalities. If the patient’s vision is severely impaired, family members should help; if the patient is old, he or she can be examined with the help of a mirror. The pressure area on the bottom of the foot is the focus of the examination, and the skin between the toes and toes should also be observed. If the skin of the foot appears red, swollen, blistered, ulcerated or eroded, it is necessary to go to the hospital promptly. A diabetic foot patient in the author’s clinic, due to the “foot room” pedicure caused by infection, not timely consultation and serious foot infection and gangrene, and finally can only do forefoot debridement amputation. 4, timely trimming toenail. Trim toenails to be flat, do not cut bleeding. Older patients can ask their children to help. Some patients have very thick toenails, you can ask professionals to use special toenail clippers to cut flat toenails. 5, callous not just cut. When a callus occurs, first of all, be careful not to trim it yourself, because it is very likely to cut through. Patients who are in a position to do so can wear special therapeutic shoes, shoes with a special elastic material for the upper and a soft thick sole with a special insole, which can disperse the pressure on the bottom of the foot and reduce the formation of calluses. If you cannot buy therapeutic shoes, you can buy loose, comfortable soft-soled shoes. Do not wear cloth shoes often, because they may cause calluses on the heel. 6, corns have to ask a doctor to deal with. The appearance of corns, must ask a professional doctor to treat, do not let the street pedicure people repair. 7, choose loose mouth cotton socks. Socks too tight will affect the blood circulation of the foot, can not wear socks with holes or patches, and can not wear nylon socks that do not absorb sweat, to wear clean and comfortable cotton socks. 8. Shoes should be wider and more breathable. New shoes should be checked for foreign objects inside the shoes when first worn, and old shoes should be checked regularly. Do not wear new shoes for more than half an hour on the first day, and not more than one hour on the second day, and then gradually extend the time to wear new shoes. The heel of the shoe should not be too high. 9. Avoid burns. Do not use electric mattresses and hot water bags for warmth, do not take sauna baths, do not use the warm type of home use physical therapy device. 10, avoid frostbite. Exercise outside wear warm shoes, if the shoes are wet by snow and water should be replaced in a timely manner. 11, avoid bad behavior. First of all, quit smoking, smoking can cause vasoconstriction, serious people are prone to peripheral vascular disease; secondly, do not cross your legs for a long time, so as not to impede blood circulation in the lower limbs. 12, due to certain trauma caused by infection, even after the occurrence of a small rupture should be immediately cleaned with saline and wrapped with sterile gauze. 13.After the blister breaks, it is easy to cause bacterial infection, ulceration and the formation of cellulitis. The best way to prevent blisters is not to wear tight shoes, avoid burns, and avoid excessive friction. 14.When you go to the doctor, remind the doctor to check your feet. Ask your doctor for help when a toenail becomes embedded in the flesh. Seek immediate medical attention when nail infections appear. 15. It is extremely important to control your blood sugar, blood pressure and lipids as much as possible to a normal range. If you have been diagnosed with “diabetic foot” by a doctor, in addition to the above care matters, you must also go to a regular hospital for comprehensive treatment in a timely manner: 1. Strictly control blood sugar: If oral medication cannot control blood sugar well, it is recommended that insulin be injected subcutaneously regularly under the guidance of an endocrinologist. 2. 2, anti-infection treatment: timely and early treatment must be carried out to avoid the spread and expansion of foot infection. 3.Clearance of the foot: If the infected part of the foot has a lot of exudation and bad odor, the removal and drainage of the infected necrotic tissue must be carried out in a regular hospital. 4.Checking of foot vessels: The arterial vessels of the foot must be checked at the vascular surgery clinic to see if they are normal. If stenosis or occlusion is found, all should be further treated by vascular intervention or surgery to make the diseased vessels reopen.