Diabetic foot is a foot infection, ulcer and deep tissue destruction associated with local nerve abnormalities and peripheral vascular lesions in the distal lower extremities in diabetic patients. It is one of the serious complications of diabetes mellitus, which can lead to aggravation, severe disability and even death if not treated properly. Most diabetic foot patients have poor glycemic control, high levels of glycated hemoglobin, and microvascular complications such as diabetic nephropathy and fundus retinopathy, so the incidence of diabetic lower limb vasculopathy is high, and the lower limb amputation rate is 5-10 times higher than that of normal people. In recent years, the incidence of diabetes has been on the rise, with a gradually younger population, and the incidence of diabetic foot has also been rising rapidly, with literature reporting up to 12%-25%. Diabetic foot not only brings great pain to the majority of patients and seriously affects their quality of life, but also has great difficulty in treatment, long period and high medical cost, which greatly increases the burden of patients’ families and society. The pathological changes of diabetic foot include neuropathy, vascular lesions as well as foot ulcers and infections. Lower limb ischemia caused by peripheral arterial stenosis and/or occlusion is considered a major risk factor for the formation of diabetic foot ulcers. Therefore, treatment of lower limb ischemia is the focus of treatment of diabetic foot, including pharmacological treatment, surgical treatment and autologous stem cell transplantation treatment. 1, drug treatment Active control of blood sugar is the basis of treatment of diabetic foot Diabetic foot patients are often combined with hypertension, hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis, and actively treat and control various related risk factors (hypertension, hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis), drugs for lower limb vascular lesions include antiplatelet and vasodilator drugs, as well as anticoagulation and thrombolytic drugs in special cases. Antiplatelet agents include aspirin, clobetasol and cilostazol. Anticoagulants include heparin, low molecular heparin and warfarin, which are mainly used for the treatment of intra-arterial thrombosis in diabetic foot and prophylactic anticoagulation after surgical bypass and endoluminal treatment. Thrombolytic drugs, including urokinase, streptokinase and tissue fibrinogen activator, are mainly used for patients with diabetic foot combined with intra-arterial thrombosis. 2.Surgical treatment In the healing process of diabetic foot ulcer, adequate blood perfusion is extremely important. If the pulse is difficult to palpate, and Doppler ultrasound, ankle-brachial index and other non-invasive tests such as segmental blood pressure, pulse volume recorder and transdermal partial pressure of oxygen show insufficient perfusion, blood flow reconstruction treatment such as angioplasty, stenting and arterial bypass should be performed promptly with certain therapeutic effect. Patients with Wagner grade 0 and 1 usually do not require surgical intervention until they have symptoms such as intermittent claudication or resting pain in the lower extremities, while patients with grade 2 or higher usually require surgical management including local necrotic tissue debridement, abscess incision and drainage, and amputation of toes. If these patients have peripheral arterial stenosis and/or occlusion, endoluminal treatment or bypass surgery of the corresponding artery can be performed depending on the situation. Interventional treatment includes percutaneous endoluminal thrombolysis, PTA, endoluminal stenting, laser angioplasty, atheromatous plaque dissection, and percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy. Currently, balloon dilation and stenting are more commonly used in clinical practice. Endoluminal treatment has the advantages of being minimally invasive, safe, effective and repeatable, and even if it fails, the chance of traditional bypass surgery is still preserved. Therefore, it is widely used in the treatment of diabetic foot in clinical practice. (2) Traditional bypass surgery Traditional bypass surgery mainly includes autologous saphenous vein bypass, artificial vessel bypass, etc. TASC grade D lesions are the main indications for traditional bypass surgery, and grade C lesions without risk factors for surgery should also be considered for bypass surgery. Autologous stem cell transplantation is a new method of treating severe limb ischemia that has emerged in recent years and is less painful for patients. It includes both autologous bone marrow stem cell transplantation and peripheral stem cell transplantation treatment. Autologous stem cell transplantation can be considered when a diabetic foot patient is about to develop foot gangrene and is not eligible for endoluminal treatment and bypass surgery, or when other treatment methods are not effective.