With the implementation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) combined with the application of multi-drug treatment regimens for HIV infection, the mortality rate from AIDS (AIDS) has decreased significantly. Because AIDS patients are immunocompromised and prone to bacterial and viral infections, AIDS comorbidity has become the most widespread and typical cause of death among HIV-infected patients. According to the survey, the number of common AIDS comorbidities such as Kaposi’s sarcoma and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is gradually decreasing, while other comorbidities such as lung cancer are on the rise. 1.Epidemiology Epidemiology is the science of studying the distribution of diseases and health conditions in the population and the factors affecting them, and formulating strategies and measures for disease prevention and health promotion. AIDS (AIDS, one of the most dangerous infectious diseases) and lung cancer (one of the malignant tumors of non-infectious diseases) are both special objects of epidemiological research. According to epidemiological statistics, since the first case of AIDS was discovered in the United States in 1981, AIDS patients have been found in more than 150 countries, and by 2002, there were about 70 million people infected with HIV and 20 million deaths worldwide. Domestic research shows that AIDS is gradually spreading from high-risk groups to the general population, and some regions will face the peak of AIDS morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the situation of AIDS prevention and treatment is not optimistic. It is reported that the incidence of lung cancer has increased significantly in the past 50 years, and the prevention and treatment situation is also very serious. The age of lung cancer incidence is mostly above 40 years old, and it is more common in men, with a male to female ratio of 3.5:1. AIDS (AIDS) can cause immune organ lesions, manifesting as reactive hyperplasia and tumorigenic lesions. There is a trend of increase in other cancers such as lung cancer in AIDS patients. Thus, the combination of AIDS and lung cancer, which is a combination of two epidemiologically important and dangerous conditions, has become a major clinical challenge due to the different treatment options. In addition, the statistical analysis methods of case-control studies, cohort studies, and experimental studies used in epidemiology have assisted in the further research development of AIDS combined with lung cancer. 2.Relationship between HIV infection and the occurrence of lung cancer Foreign studies have shown a correlation between HIV infection and increased risk of lung cancer. Erica Engels, PhD, of the National Cancer Institute, and colleagues analyzed data from 5,238 HIV-infected patients who attended an HIV specialty clinic in Baltimore between 1989 and 2003, comparing the incidence of lung cancer in this group with that of an urban reference population. According to a report in the March 2006 issue of the Journal of Clinical Oncology, the standardized incidence rate ratio for the HIV-combined lung cancer study group to the general population was 4.7. After adjusting for smoking (69% of individuals in the study group reported smoking), the standardized incidence rate ratio decreased to 2.5. The increased risk of lung cancer in HIV-infected patients, even after excluding smoking as a causative factor for lung cancer, suggests a trend toward the development of lung cancer in HIV infection to some extent. Foreign studies have shown that the incidence of lung cancer is inversely correlated with HIV viral load. That is, as HIV-infected patients survive longer and age, lung cancer may become a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients. Thus, clinicians should diagnose HIV-infected patients with lung cancer comorbidities as much as possible and make timely curative measures accordingly. , studies have indicated that more than 50% of patients with AIDS disease present with intrathoracic complications [10]. Therefore, important causes of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected patients are intrathoracic complications (mainly opportunistic infections and tumors), and common intrathoracic complicating tumors are malignant lymphoma and Kaposi’s sarcoma. However, when it is speculated that HIV infection may increase the incidence of malignant lesions other than malignant lymphoma and Kaposi’s sarcoma, lung cancer becomes a non-negligible malignant comorbidity, and it is on the rise as an AIDS comorbidity. 3. Clinical characteristics of AIDS combined with lung cancer AIDS combined with lung cancer infection has a complex clinical presentation and lacks specificity. Through controlled studies, it can be found that the clinical manifestations of AIDS combined with lung cancer are close to those of lung cancer alone. For example, respiratory symptoms of lung cancer patients such as chronic cough, chest pain, dyspnea, and blood in sputum in severe cases, as well as gastrointestinal symptoms such as decreased appetite, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and blood in stool in severe cases, are all present in patients with AIDS combined with lung cancer. In other words, the clinical features of AIDS combined with lung cancer include end-stage clinical manifestations of AIDS combined with early stage clinical manifestations of lung cancer, or end-stage clinical manifestations of AIDS combined with late stage clinical manifestations of lung cancer. The common symptoms of early stage of AIDS combined with lung cancer include: irritating cough, bloody sputum, chest tightness (caused by different degrees of bronchial obstruction), croup, shortness of breath, fever and chest pain. Signs and symptoms 4.Diagnostic methods of AIDS combined with lung cancer Commonly used methods for diagnosing AIDS combined with lung cancer are sputum exfoliation cytology, fiberoptic bronchoscopy, CT examination, magnetic resonance imaging. If necessary, open-heart surgery can be considered according to the patient’s condition in order to confirm the diagnosis. 4.1 Sputum exfoliative cytology examination: to find cancer cells in sputum, the positive rate of sputum exfoliative cytology examination is 60%~80% to make a clear diagnosis. The reason is that the cancer continues to grow and causes irritating cough secondary to lung infection, which leads to the appearance of thick sputum and the volume of thick sputum increases compared with before. 4.2 Fiberoptic bronchoscopy: bronchoscopy is an effective means to diagnose cardiac lung cancer. 4.4 Magnetic resonance imaging: Auxiliary examination, mainly showing the trachea, bronchial tree, bronchus and blood vessel compression and displacement next to the mass. 4.5 Open-chest surgical exploration: If the cytological diagnosis cannot be established by sputum cytology, bronchoscopy and needle biopsy, open-chest surgical exploration is considered, but it must be based on the patient’s However, the decision must be made after carefully weighing the advantages and disadvantages according to the age, lung function and complications of surgery. 5.Treatment of AIDS combined with lung cancer So far, there is still no curative therapy or special medication for AIDS. Clinical evidence shows that early antiviral treatment still plays a role in patients with AIDS combined with lung cancer. At present, we try to adopt immunotherapy, complication therapy or Chinese herbal medicine, such as mushroom polysaccharide and salvia, to enhance the immune function of the body, so as to improve the patient’s symptoms. In addition, for AIDS patients with early stage lung cancer, the main point of treatment is to pay attention to the psychological care of AIDS patients. Along with drug treatment, the ethical and moral cultivation of nursing staff should be strengthened, so that nursing staff can fully respect and understand patients, communicate more with patients, understand patients’ needs and difficulties, and prevent patients from entering the rapid deterioration of their health condition during the AIDS stage. Through the psychological guidance of the medical and nursing staff, the patient’s fear and negative emotions can be reduced, and their confidence in drug therapy can be promoted, so that they can actively cooperate in their behavior. 5.1 Chemotherapy regimen. The current clinical regimen for AIDS combined with lung cancer is mainly chemotherapy regimen for lung cancer first, followed by clinical regimen for AIDS as an adjunct. For lung cancer chemotherapy, there are CAP chemotherapy regimen: one cycle every 3-4 weeks, one course of treatment every 2-3 cycles; EP chemotherapy regimen: one cycle every 4 weeks, one course of treatment every 2-3 cycles; CE chemotherapy regimen: one cycle every 3-4 weeks, one course of treatment every 2 cycles; MVP chemotherapy regimen: one cycle every 3-4 weeks, one course of treatment every 2-3 cycles; VP chemotherapy regimen: one cycle every 3-4 weeks, one course of treatment every 2-3 cycles. MVP chemotherapy regimen: 1 cycle every 3 weeks, 1 course every 3 cycles MIC chemotherapy regimen: 1 cycle every 3-4 weeks, 1 course every 2-3 cycles VIP chemotherapy regimen: 1 cycle every 3-4 weeks, 1 course every 2-3 cycles. CAMP chemotherapy regimen: 1 cycle every 4 weeks, 1 course every 2-3 cycles. CAEP chemotherapy regimen: 1 cycle every 4 weeks, 1 course every 2-3 cycles. Taxol+DDP chemotherapy regimen: 1 cycle every 4 weeks, 1 course every 2-3 cycles, etc. Regimen evaluation: There are many different chemotherapy regimens, mainly a combination of stopping normal cells from turning into cancer cells and inhibiting the growth of cancer cells or killing the cancer cells. Each regimen is effective for some people and not ideal for some people to control cancer cells. Depending on the patient’s condition, the treating physician can consult with the patient to find an appropriate chemotherapy regimen. Keep an eye on the patient’s condition during implementation and change it in time. 5.2 Surgical treatment options The current clinical surgical treatment options are: (1) Removal of the tumor and its intrapulmonary lymphatic drainage through lobectomy or total pneumonectomy following oncologic principles. (2) Frequent intraoperative cryopathological examination to ensure negative margins. (3) Take mediastinal lymph node biopsy or dissection for accurate staging. (4) Excise the whole tumor and surrounding tissues as much as possible (in case of invasion of surrounding tissues). (5) Intraoperative rupture of the tumor causing dissemination should be avoided as much as possible. Program evaluation: According to statistics, the current surgical resection rate of lung cancer in China is 85%-97%, and the overall five-year survival rate is 30%-40%. Given the low immunity of AIDS patients themselves. Therefore, it is still necessary to consider carefully whether to implement surgical treatment programs for AIDS patients. 6. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of AIDS combined with lung cancer and problems and outlook 6.1 Diagnostic problems and outlook. Studies show that 5%-15% of AIDS patients are asymptomatic when lung cancer is detected. Therefore, the clinical manifestations of lung cancer in the early stage of AIDS are not obvious, and it is difficult to identify and diagnose it, which requires the efforts of medical and nursing staff. For example, nursing staff should pay attention to the usual living habits of AIDS patients and determine whether there are factors that generally cause lung cancer such as smoking, ionizing radiation, lung cancer-inducing diet and other pathogenic factors in the life of AIDS patients, so that early detection of AIDS patients with lung cancer can be made as early as possible. 6.2 Problems and prospects of confirming the diagnosis. Through in practice, nursing staff should inform the attending physician promptly when they find AIDS patients with similar lung cancer condition, so that the attending physician can consider auxiliary examinations such as imaging, sputum exfoliative cell examination and fiberoptic bronchoscopy to confirm the diagnosis of lung cancer according to the condition of AIDS patients. Also, it is necessary to develop solid specialist knowledge education of medical and nursing staff and further research development of medical equipment.