The term scoliosis was first coined by Galen (131-201 A.D.) and is derived from a Greek word meaning “curvature.” It has been recognized as early as the 15th century B.C., during the time of Hippocrates, when the book Hippocratic Corpus first described normal and abnormal spinal curvature. It was recognized as early as the 15th century B.C., during the time of Hippocrates, when normal and abnormal spinal curvatures were first described in the book Hippocratic Corpus, and in 1741, Andre used a curved spine as an orthopedic sign. Currently, scoliosis is defined as a lateral deviation of the spine from the normal vertical line of the spine, with a curvature of >10° on radiographs, which may be accompanied by rotation of the vertebral bodies, resulting in a three-dimensional deformity of the spine in sagittal, coronal, and transverse planes. Idiopathic scoliosis is the most common type of scoliosis, accounting for about 80% of scoliosis. Its etiology is unknown, but it can be diagnosed by detailed physical examination and imaging tests, except for neurological diseases, various syndromes and congenital anomalies. Idiopathic scoliosis can occur at any stage of growth, with three high-incidence age groups: the first year of life; 5-6 years of age; and 11 years of age to skeletal maturity. The Scoliosis Research Society (SRS) recommends that idiopathic scoliosis be categorized according to age at diagnosis: from birth to 3 years of age, it is referred to as infantile idiopathic scoliosis; from 4-10 years of age, it is called From birth to 3 years of age, it is called infantile idiopathic scoliosis; from 4 to 10 years of age, it is called juvenile idiopathic scoliosis; and from 10 years of age to skeletal maturity, it is called adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. According to the etiology, it can be categorized as: idiopathic scoliosis (of unknown etiology); congenital scoliosis (due to vertebral body formation disorders or segmentation disorders or a combination of both). Depending on the combined clinical manifestations, it can be classified as: neuromuscular (cerebral palsy, myotonic dystrophy, etc.), syndromic, or systemic (neurofibromatosis, Marfan syndrome, osteogenesis imperfecta, tumors, radiation sickness, etc.).