There are two main types of transmission of hepatitis B virus: one is horizontal, i.e., cross-infection, and the main channels of transmission are blood products, the digestive tract, and syringes. The other is vertical transmission, mainly from mother to child, mainly through intrauterine transmission, transmission during delivery and contact after delivery. Mother-to-child transmission (a medical term referring to the phenomenon of a mother having hepatitis B and then passing it on to the next generation) is the main mode of transmission of hepatitis B in China. Hepatitis B carriers can avoid transmission to the next generation as long as proper measures are taken before and after pregnancy. Before pregnancy, a woman should undergo liver function tests at a regular hospital to determine whether she is carrying the hepatitis virus, what type of hepatitis virus she has, and whether the hepatitis virus is active. If a woman has a positive hepatitis B surface antigen, or a small triplet, and a negative hepatitis B deoxyribonucleic acid (HBV-DNA) test, the virus is in a stable state. This type of carrier is a lifelong carrier, but does not affect normal life, so these women can get pregnant, and their children must be born with hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B high-immune globulin. There is a 10% chance that a mother with hepatitis B virus will pass the virus to her baby, and once the baby is infected with hepatitis B virus, the chance of cirrhosis is higher than that of an adult. A diagnosis of “major triple-positive” with positive HBV-DNA indicates significant infectiousness and may be associated with liver cell damage. Studies have confirmed that pregnant women who are positive for HBsAg and “hepatitis B” e antigen at the same time will infect almost 100% of their newborns, and most of them will become chronic carriers. Therefore, it is better for these women to consider resting and waiting for the e antigen and HBV-DNA of hepatitis B virus to turn negative before getting pregnant. In addition, the acute phase of hepatitis and post-hepatitis cirrhosis should not be used for pregnancy and childbirth, and chronic hepatitis B should not be used for pregnancy for the health of the mother and to avoid transmitting the virus to the fetus after pregnancy. The most commonly used measure to interrupt mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus is the combined active and passive immunization of the newborn after birth. Active immunization refers to the vaccination of newborns against hepatitis B within 24 hours, one month and six months after birth, while passive immunization refers to the injection of hepatitis B immunoglobulin immediately after birth. The addition of passive immunization after active immunization results in a blockage rate of up to 95 percent. The traditional view is that vertical transmission of the hepatitis virus occurs only from mother to child and that the father is “exempt”. In early 2008, research at China’s Fourth Military Medical University showed that hepatitis viruses can also enter the sperm and that fathers can be the “initiators” of vertical transmission. If the father has active hepatitis, he should also be treated promptly. In addition, clinical observations have shown that, in the case of hepatitis B, it is not possible to say which of the two methods of delivery, cesarean or natural, is safer or more likely to cause transmission than the other. When choosing a delivery method, pregnant women with hepatitis B should take into account their personal health conditions and the condition of the fetus, and listen to the advice of a specialist. Therefore, if a hepatitis B carrier wants to have a healthy baby, it is recommended to go to a regular hospital for examination to clarify the current health condition of both spouses. Pay attention to adequate rest and nutritional supplements, and choose to give birth in a regular hospital after pregnancy.