Cognitive impairment in children is not necessarily due to cerebral hemorrhage, but may also be due to other causes, which commonly include vascular, metabolic, brain-occupying lesions, infectious and others. 1. Vascular causes: common causes such as cerebral ischemia, cerebral hemorrhage and amyloid angiopathy can lead to cognitive impairment. 2. Metabolic causes: e.g. severe anemia, chronic water and electrolyte disorders, chronic uremic encephalopathy. 3. Brain occupying lesions: such as primary or metastatic brain tumor or chronic subdural hematoma in the brain. 4. Infectious causes: such as viral encephalitis, neurosyphilis, bacterial meningitis, etc. 5. Other causes: e.g. drugs, food, heavy metal poisoning, etc. It is recommended that children with cognitive disorders seek medical attention to identify the cause of the disorder.