Liver transplantation is not for everyone, and people with relative contraindications must consider conservative treatment or other therapies. In the more than 10 years since liver transplantation entered China, the Department of Organ Transplantation of the First Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University has performed surgery on more than 800 patients. According to the clinical follow-up and follow up of hundreds of patients over the years, post-operative liver transplantation in elderly patients is characterized by high infection rate, high drug resistance rate and high lethality rate, etc. The prevention of post-operative infection requires not only Milan standard supervision and efforts of medical and nursing staff, but also patients’ own standardized living habits and careful care by family members. In addition, people with relative contraindications to liver transplantation must choose other therapies such as conservative treatment. Specifically, patients should try to do the following things: do not smoke, do not drink alcohol, try not to go to public places for the first 6 months after surgery, wash hands before and after meals, bathe and change clothes regularly, do not eat raw or expired food, try to use meal sharing system, try not to touch small animals such as cats and dogs, do not ignore small skin wounds, disinfect them in a timely manner, ventilate the living room frequently, and use UV disinfection if possible. If possible, use ultraviolet light to disinfect regularly, do not share certain household items such as toothbrushes, towels, razors, etc., insist on vaccination according to the schedule, take medication according to the treatment plan made by the doctor, and contact the transplant center in a timely manner in case of uncomfortable symptoms. Milan standard can effectively control the recurrence of the original disease In response to the survival time of post-operative patients, in addition to the influence of rejection, the quality and length of survival after liver transplantation is also closely related to the following: first, it may be affected by the recurrence of the original disease, especially the spread and recurrence of cancer caused by liver cancer cells. Patients are weak and resistant after surgery, and previous lesions are likely to take advantage of the situation. The use of Milan criteria for patient selection can effectively control this phenomenon. The Milan Criteria is a unified international standard for measuring whether a liver cancer patient can undergo liver transplantation. By strictly implementing the criteria, the number of patients with recurrent cancer after transplantation can be significantly reduced. Secondly, after organ transplantation, patients must take anti-immunosuppressive drugs for a long time to reduce the rejection of the organ, and the long-term use of anti-immunosuppressive drugs can weaken the patient’s own normal immune system, which can greatly increase the chance of infection. With proper treatment and protection, this risk can be kept to a minimum. So far, we have performed more than 800 liver transplants, and the percentage of cases followed up with serious infections due to the use of anti-immunosuppressants is very low and close to the international leading level. Liver transplantation is an effective treatment for patients with alcoholism and psychiatric disorders that have reached an advanced stage of liver disease, and under certain circumstances, the risks and results of liver transplantation can be better than other treatments. Although intraoperative and postoperative recovery and survival are affected by many factors, liver transplantation has the highest success rate and postoperative survival rate among all organ transplantation procedures, second only to kidney transplantation and higher than heart transplantation. Among the various factors that determine the success rate of organ transplantation, the strength of organ rejection is one of the main factors, and “rejection after liver transplantation is the smallest among all kinds of organ transplants, so it significantly increases the success rate of the surgery.” From long-term observations, liver transplantation is less common except for rejection one year after transplantation surgery and is not significant in later years afterwards, and the chance of patients with severe rejection is less than 10 percent of the total transplant population. “Patients can largely return to normal life after undergoing surgery, and the two patients we have treated with the longest post-operative survival have survived for nearly 10 years to date.” Although liver transplantation is very effective in treating liver disease, not all patients with liver disease are suitable for liver transplantation, and it has specific contraindications and contraindicated groups. It is medically accepted that patients with liver disease who also have extrahepatic malignancies, bile duct cancer, severe cardiopulmonary disease, uncontrolled systemic infections and other organ failures cannot undergo liver transplantation. In addition, the following groups of people are absolutely not eligible for liver transplantation: people with uncontrollable infections (bacterial, fungal, viral), people with HIV infection (HIV), people with alcohol or drug dependence that is difficult to quit, people with irreversible brain tissue damage, people with extrahepatic malignancies that are difficult to eradicate, and people with psychological disorders or mental illnesses that are difficult to control. “If you have any of these conditions and habits, you should not undergo liver transplantation and must take other treatments.” Professor Zhu said. People with contraindications must choose other therapies It is understood that, in principle, when various acute or chronic liver diseases cannot be cured by other medical and surgical methods, those who are expected to be unable to avoid death in the short term (6 to 12 months) are indications for liver transplantation. According to incomplete statistics, liver transplantation is currently used to treat the following diseases: end-stage cirrhotic disease, malignant diseases of the liver, congenital metabolic diseases and acute or subacute liver failure. It is important to determine the appropriate timing of transplantation. If liver transplantation is performed at too early a stage of the disease, the shortage of donors will not be used in a just and reasonable way; if it is performed at too late a stage of the disease, there may be difficult perioperative complications and high mortality, reducing the efficacy of liver transplantation.