The surgical treatment for primary liver cancer mainly includes liver resection and liver transplantation, and there is no uniform standard on how to choose. It is generally believed that: 1. For limited liver cancer, if the patient is not accompanied by cirrhosis, liver resection is preferred; Huai Mingsheng, Organ Transplantation Center of Tianjin First Central Hospital 2. For limited liver cancer, if the patient is combined with cirrhosis, liver transplantation is preferred if the economic condition allows and there is a suitable donor liver. Reason: Most of primary liver cancers in China occur on the basis of cirrhosis, and after simple removal of cancer foci, the basis of cirrhosis is still there, and on this basis, the recurrence or reoccurrence rate of liver cancer is higher. On the other hand, progressive development of cirrhosis may lead to complications of cirrhosis and portal hypertension, such as upper gastrointestinal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy, intractable ascites and liver failure, which can be life-threatening; 3. For limited hepatocellular carcinoma, if combined with cirrhosis, liver resection is preferred if there is limited economic condition or no suitable donor liver is estimated for a long time; 4. For giant hepatocellular carcinoma or diffuse hepatocellular carcinoma or large blood vessels have been In principle, liver transplantation is not recommended for cases with huge liver cancer or diffuse liver cancer or large blood vessels invasion without distant metastasis, because the long-term effect after liver transplantation is poor in such cases. If the donor liver is rich, liver transplantation can be considered to give these cases a chance to improve the quality of life and prolong life; 5. The long-term effect of liver transplantation for liver cancer patients is mainly determined by the actual state of the tumor at the time of liver transplantation: at the time of liver transplantation, although the liver cancer is huge or diffusely distributed or there are tumor emboli in large blood vessels, but there are no micro-metastases in distant organs and no intraoperative tumor dissemination, liver transplantation can achieve a curative effect. If there are already micrometastases in distant organs at the time of surgery, even if the primary lesions in the liver are small, the micrometastases will grow quickly after liver transplantation.