Liver transplantation is the only effective treatment for all types of end-stage liver disease, and the prognosis is very good for liver cancer patients who meet the Milan criteria (no single tumor exceeding 5CM in diameter or fewer than 3 tumors with multiple tumors and a maximum diameter of no more than 3CM, with no macrovascular invasion, and no lymph node or extrahepatic metastases). However, HIV-infected patients have always been an absolute contraindication to liver transplantation. A study currently published in the world-renowned journal Hepatology (with an impact factor of 10 or more) may now change that. Doctors at the University of Barcelona in Spain conducted a prospective study of liver transplantation in HIV-infected liver cancer patients. Seventy-seven HIV-infected liver cancer patients ultimately underwent liver transplants, and 222 liver cancer patients without HIV infection served as a control group. The researchers found that the 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of HIV-infected liver cancer patients were not significantly different from those of HIV-free liver cancer patients. Liver cancer recurrence rates at 1,, 3, and 5 years after liver transplantation were also not significantly different between the two groups, and the only factor affecting liver cancer recurrence was microvascular invasion. Therefore, it is possible that this may contribute to making HIV-infected hepatocellular carcinoma patients one of the indications for liver transplantation.