The tonsils are one of the body’s immune organs and one of the body’s important security guards. Said it is an immune organ because the tonsils are densely stationed with rich lymphoid tissue, they can produce a large number of immune antibodies and cytokines, directly or indirectly kill invading bacteria and viruses, the human body tissue plays a very important role in the protection; said it is important because it guards the area of the body’s contact with the outside world is the first channel – pharynx, the surrounding air and the source of different foods, medicines and other foreign substances must pass through this channel or stay here every day (in the tonsil crypt). The surrounding air and different sources of food, drugs and other foreign substances must pass through this road every day or stay here (tonsil crypts), these exogenous substances themselves on the pharynx and tonsils to produce stimulation, containing a large number of bacteria (hemolytic streptococcus, staphylococcus and pneumococcus, etc.) of the foreign body can be stimulated by the tonsil and pharyngeal lymphoid tissues to produce acute and chronic inflammatory reaction. Under normal circumstances, due to the epithelial integrity of the tonsil surface and the continuous secretion of mucous glands, bacteria can be discharged from the crypt with the shedding of epithelial cells to maintain the cleanliness of the local environment. When the body’s resistance drops or the epithelial cell defense function is weakened or the secretion function of the gland is reduced, the tonsils will suffer from bacterial infection and inflammation. Once inflammation occurs in the tonsils, in addition to the local inflammatory response, the tonsils themselves will also produce a large number of inflammatory mediators (such as interleukin-2, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, r, etc.) to trigger a systemic inflammatory response. Tonsils and kidneys are separated by thousands of kilometers, why can tonsil inflammation cause kidney damage? Kidney tissue cells are similar to some components of streptococcus bacteria. Once the body is infected with streptococcus bacteria, the antibodies produced against streptococcus bacteria in the body will cross effect on the renal tissue cells that are similar to its structure, causing inflammatory damage to the kidneys. This is called acute post-streptococcal nephritis in medicine and capillary endothelial cell proliferative nephritis in pathology. This type of nephritis usually occurs in school-age children, but rarely in adults, and most often occurs within 1-3 weeks after infection by streptococcus in the airways or skin. Clinical manifestations include oliguria and swelling of varying degrees, hypertension and hematuria, which are uncommon in children. Another disease that is closely related to tonsils and kidneys is IgA nephropathy. This disease is most common in young people and develops within three days of tonsil infection, and is characterized by the triad of sore throat with or without fever, transient hematuria, and severe back pain. Within a week after the fever subsides, the hematuria can disappear on its own. This is also the tonsil infection stimulates the release of a large number of inflammatory mediators as well as a large number of immunoglobulin A (IgA), these inflammatory mediators released in the blood flow through the kidneys can not only stimulate the renal tissue localized inflammatory response, IgA can also stay in the renal tissues for a long time to cause other chronic inflammatory response. Because the tonsils and kidneys are inextricably linked, patients with chronic kidney disease should remember to pay attention to the prevention of acute and chronic tonsillitis. Once an attack occurs, it must be brought under control in the shortest possible time.