At the time of winter and spring, the temperature is still low, frequent population movement, influenza, mumps, bacillary dysentery, other infectious diarrheal diseases, such as the incidence of higher risk, the public should pay attention. First, influenza Influenza is an acute febrile infectious disease of the airways caused by influenza viruses, transmitted by droplets, generally manifested as acute onset, fever (up to 39 ~ 40 ℃), accompanied by chills, chills, headache, muscle and joint pain, extreme malaise, loss of appetite and other symptoms, often with a sore throat, coughing, nasal congestion, snotty, post-sternal discomfort, facial flushing, conjunctival congestion and other symptoms, and sometimes also Vomiting and diarrhea occur. The disease is often self-limiting, and the course of the disease is usually 3 to 4 days. Infants and young children, the elderly, patients with cardiopulmonary and other chronic diseases, or immunocompromised people are prone to serious complications such as pneumonia, and the prognosis is poor. Surveillance shows that the province is still at the peak of influenza, but the trend of influenza epidemics began to decline, the proportion of influenza-like illnesses and outbreaks are beginning to decrease. However, the end of February and the beginning of March students start school and return to work back to the city tide, may cause fluctuations in influenza epidemics. The main preventive measures: 1, pay attention to maintain good personal hygiene habits, wash your hands frequently, try to avoid touching the mouth, nose and eyes with your hands; 2, the elderly, pregnant women, infants and young children to reduce the crowded, poorly ventilated places; 3, avoid close contact with patients with infections of the inhalation tract, must be contacted to wear a mask and wash their hands in time, pay attention to the windows open at the right time to ventilate the air, to maintain indoor air circulation. Mumps is an acute infectious disease of the whistle caused by the mumps virus. The main clinical feature of mumps is the enlargement of the parotid glands, which can also infringe on the testicles, ovaries and central nervous system, and serious complications occur. The incidence of mumps in our province has a bimodal distribution, with peaks from November to January and from April to July each year. The main incidence of mumps population for nursery children and students, schools, nursery institutions are prone to epidemics, the end of the winter vacation, the beginning of the school year, should be highly concerned, should take effective preventive measures. The main preventive measures: 1. Children of school age should be vaccinated with mumps-containing vaccines, such as MMR or MMR vaccine in time; 2. Usually, good personal hygiene habits should be developed, and the room or classroom should be ventilated frequently to keep the indoor air fresh. 3. Mumps infection should be treated in isolation. The isolation period should be from the onset of the disease until the swelling of the parotid gland subsides completely, about 3 weeks. 4, by the patient’s contaminated food utensils should be boiled and sterilized. Third, bacillary dysentery Bacillary dysentery (referred to as bacillary dysentery) is an acute intestinal infectious disease caused by Shigella. The disease is not only high morbidity, in which acute toxic dysentery is easy to misdiagnose, life-threatening. Patients and carriers are the main source of infection of bacillary dysentery, the transmission route is mainly fecal-oral transmission, the population is generally susceptible to bacillary dysentery, the immunity lasts for a relatively short period of time after the disease, there is no cross-immunity between different strains of the type of bacteria, and the infection may reoccur within a short period of time. The main preventive measures: 1, should be done in a timely manner dysentery patient feces, vomit disinfection treatment, management of water sources, to prevent pathogenic bacteria contamination of water, soil and crops. 2, the patient used the toilet, tableware should also be sterilized. 3.Don’t drink raw water, don’t eat raw aquatic products, vegetables should be washed and fried before eating, fruits should be washed and peeled after eating. 4, insist on washing hands before and after meals, do not eat rotten and spoiled and flies, cockroaches bite or crawl through the food, and actively do a good job of fly and cockroach work. 5, eating utensils should be boiled and sterilized on time, and leftovers should be heated up and eaten, so as to separate raw and cooked food. 6.Strengthen physical exercise to enhance physical fitness. Fourth, norovirus infection Norovirus is a group of viruses of the genus Cupriovirus, norovirus infections are prevalent throughout the world, all year round can be infected, infected mainly adults and school-age children, the cold season is a high incidence, mostly occurring in schools and other crowded units, is the global acute gastroenteritis cases and outbreaks of epidemic outbreaks of the main causative agent. The main preventive measures: 1, exercise, enhance physical fitness; 2, pay attention to personal hygiene, hand washing, develop good hygiene habits, to prevent the infection of viral pathogens; 3, do not eat raw and cold food and undercooked food, minimize the number of meals outside, especially unlicensed and unlicensed street snacks; 4, the epidemic season, as far as possible, not to the activities of densely populated places to eliminate infectious channels to reduce the chances of infection; 5, in order to To prevent norovirus infection, oysters and other shellfish should be consumed after in-depth processing, and try not to eat them raw; 6, if there is a patient with norovirus infection at home, it should be treated actively and isolated appropriately; 7, family members should also wear masks when dealing with vomit and use chlorine-containing bleach, etc. in a timely manner to disinfect surfaces contaminated by the patient’s vomit or feces, to prevent the disease from entering through the mouth. The main preventive measures: exercise to enhance physical fitness; pay attention to personal hygiene, wash hands frequently, develop good hygiene habits, to prevent infection by viral pathogens; do not eat raw and cold food and undercooked food, try to minimize the number of meals outside, especially unlicensed and unlicensed street snacks; during the epidemic season, try to avoid densely populated places, to eliminate infectious channels and reduce the chances of infection; in order to prevent norovirus infection, raw oysters and other shellfish seafood should be used to prevent the disease. To prevent norovirus infection, raw oysters and other shellfish should be consumed after in-depth processing, and try not to eat them raw; if there is a patient with norovirus infection at home, he/she should be actively treated and properly isolated. Family members should also wear masks when handling vomit and use chlorine bleach to disinfect surfaces contaminated by patient’s vomit or faeces in a timely manner, so as to prevent illness from entering through the mouth. V. Bacterial foodborne disease Bacterial foodborne disease refers to a type of disease caused by eating or drinking food or drink contaminated by pathogenic bacteria or their toxins, and the main pathogenic bacteria are Salmonella, diarrhea-causing Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Streptococcus pyogenes. The main preventive measures: 1, avoid eating in public places without health protection; 2, in the health protection of supermarkets or food markets to buy food, do not buy bulk food; 3, fresh food after sufficient heating before consumption, do not drink raw water; 4, to avoid mixing of raw and cooked food, mixing chopping boards and knives and other cooking tools, to prevent cross-pollution of raw and cooked food; 5, do not eat raw food, half raw food, seafood and meat; 6, raw fruits and melons must be Wash raw fruits and vegetables; 7, pay attention to the processing of cold food and cold food cleaning; 8, try not to have leftovers at each meal; 9, try to put the leftovers below 10 ℃ storage, must be sufficiently heated before eating; 10, to develop good hygiene habits of washing hands before and after meals. Non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning Carbon monoxide is a colorless, tasteless, non-irritating gas, is the most common asphyxiating gas in industrial production and living environment. Carbon monoxide is inhaled into the body through the inhalation tract and causes poisoning. The affinity between carbon monoxide and hemoglobin is 200 times of the affinity between oxygen and hemoglobin, and it can also form chelating with the divalent iron ions in other hemoglobin proteins cytochrome oxidase; when a person stays in an environment with high concentration of carbon monoxide, carbon monoxide will enter the bloodstream through the respiratory tract, and combine with hemoglobin to form carbon oxidized hemoglobin to impede the release and transmission of oxygen, resulting in hypoxemia, causing the body to be hypoxic. This leads to hypoxemia, causing hypoxia in the tissues, and in serious cases, may endanger human life. The main places where non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning occurs are homes, including living rooms with heating equipment such as coal stoves and charcoal fires, bathrooms or showers with gas or gas water heaters, and kitchens with gas or gas stoves. In addition, garages, basements and air-conditioned cars with small oil and gas generators are also high-risk places for non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning. Non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning in our province has obvious seasonality, the high season for winter and spring, the peak month of November to March each year, and coal-burning heating season. The main preventive measures: 1, as far as possible to use centralized heating heating, the correct use of coal stoves, charcoal and other heating equipment; 2, the correct installation and use of quality water heaters, gas stoves, and regular maintenance; 3, the correct installation of the use of chimneys, wind buckets, and other ventilation equipment, and often open the windows to ventilate the room; 4, to avoid long periods of time in the stopping of the closed air-conditioned car stranded; 5, to avoid in the home of the airtight or poor ventilation, Avoid using generators in closed or poorly ventilated homes, basements or garages; 6. Encourage the installation and use of carbon monoxide detectors and check them regularly. Once non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning occurs, windows should be opened immediately for ventilation, and patients should be transferred to fresh air and well-ventilated places as soon as possible, and 120 emergency calls should be made as soon as possible, and hyperbaric oxygen chamber treatment should be carried out as early as possible; for the critical patients with respiratory and cardiac arrest, artificial respiration and cardiac compression should be given immediately. Effective prevention of infectious diseases, in daily life to do the following points: 1, develop good hygiene habits. Improve diet and personal hygiene to prevent diseases from entering by the mouth, wash hands before and after meals, do not eat food that is rotten and tasteless, drink boiled water instead of raw water, do not eat cold and unclean food, separate raw and cooked food, and do not eat flies, cockroaches, or rats that have crawled through the food. 2. Maintain a healthy lifestyle. Ensure adequate sleep, strengthen physical exercise, enhance personal fitness, pay attention to balanced diet, do not overeat, and strive to drink less alcohol, do not get drunk, do not smoke. 3. Carry out patriotic hygiene campaigns. Improve the hygiene of living environment, do a good job of drinking water hygiene, to ensure the safety of drinking water. Open windows regularly every day to ventilate and breathe fresh air. During the season of high incidence of influenza and other respiratory diseases, reduce unnecessary gathering activities in public places. 4, timely and full vaccination. Improve your immunity and establish an immune protection barrier.