HPV, the full name is human papillomavirus, is a virus that readily infects the skin and mucous membranes and is widely distributed in humans and animals. hpv is a general term for a group of viruses, and more than 100 hpv serotypes have been identified. hpv usually causes benign lesions of the skin and mucous membranes, and in 1976, zur Hansen suggested that hpv may be a sexually transmitted carcinogenic factor. About 35 types can infect the genital tract, and about 20 are associated with neoplasia. In clinical practice, HPV is classified into two major groups, low-risk and high-risk types, depending on the degree of pathogenicity or cancer risk of HPV subtypes. Depending on the site of infection, it can be further subdivided into cutaneous low-risk, mucosal low-risk, cutaneous high-risk, and mucosal high-risk types. Low-risk HPV types include HPV6, ll, 42, 43, 44 and other types, which often cause benign lesions such as human common warts, condyloma acuminata and papillomas on the skin and mucous membranes near the genital organs, including low-grade cervical intraepithelial lesions (CIN grade 1). High-risk HPV types, including HPVl6, l8, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 68 and other types, are associated with the occurrence of cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial lesions of high grade (CIN 1I/III), especially HPVl6 and HPVl8. HPV infection of the epithelial mucosa is a long-term process that can be latent in the cells for several years, and once The course of HPV infection is usually divided into latent infection, subclinical infection, clinical symptoms and HPV-associated neoplasia.