Auxiliary examinations for constipation: In the past 20 years, the medical profession has continued to study constipation, and some new examination methods have provided a basis for the diagnosis of constipation and the selection of treatment methods. 1, defecography: simulate the process of defecation, the study of the anus, rectum, pelvic floor in the defecation of the dynamic and static changes in the image. It provides a quantitative diagnosis of the anorectal angle, rectal protrusion, rectal pressure traces, and “shelf sign” after barium filling, and is used for the diagnosis of outlet obstructive constipation, such as rectal protrusion and pelvic floor dystocia. 2.Colonic transmission test: A diagnostic method that uses markers that are impervious to X-rays, takes abdominal plain films at regular intervals after oral administration, tracks the time and location of the markers running in the colon, and determines the speed of the colonic contents running and the site of obstruction, and is used for the diagnosis of slow transmission type constipation. 3.Anal rectal pressure measurement: Using a pressure measurement device placed in the rectum to make the anus contract and relax to check the function and coordination of internal and external sphincter, pelvic floor and rectum, which can help to distinguish the type of exit type constipation. 4.Anal electromyography examination: electrophysiological techniques are applied to check the function of the puborectalis muscle and external sphincter muscle in the pelvic floor.