In the last 10 years, there has been significant progress in the study of chronic constipation. Internationally, the criteria for functional gastrointestinal diseases, including chronic functional constipation, were introduced in Rome III. Definition: Chronic functional constipation needs to exclude the constipation caused by the intestinal tract itself and systemic organic pathology as well as other factors, and meets the following criteria: in the past 12 months, there are 2 or more of the following symptoms for a continuous or cumulative period of at least 12 weeks: (1) >1/4 of the time defecation effort; (2) >1/4 of the time feces in clumps or hard; (3) >1/4 of the time bowel movement is incomplete feeling; (4) (4) >1/4 of the time there is a feeling of anorectal obstruction during defecation; (5) >1/4 of the time hand assistance is needed during defecation; (6) less than 3 bowel movements per week. Soft stools without laxatives are rare. Does not meet diagnostic criteria for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Classification: According to the site of occurrence of defecation difficulties and dyskinesia, chronic functional constipation is divided into 3 types: slow-transmission type (STC), outlet obstruction type (OOC), and mixed type (MIX). 1, slow-transmission constipation: refers to the transmission dysfunction of the colon, intestinal contents of the constipation caused by slow transmission, symptoms manifested as a decrease in the number of stools, less stool or stool disappeared, feces hard, usually accompanied by abdominal distension, the cause of the disease is not clear, the symptoms of the stubborn, and with the passage of time its symptoms gradually aggravate, part of the patients eventually need to carry out a subtotal or partial resection of the colon. Clinical research found that the application of stimulating laxatives for the treatment of constipation at the same time, especially in the long-term application of large quantities, can cause the destruction or even disappearance of the colonic plexus, mesenchymal stromal cells and even smooth muscle, ultimately leading to colonic peristalsis significantly weakened or disappeared, resulting in a vicious circle. 2, outlet obstruction type constipation: also called (rectal constipation) refers to the defecation outlet near the functional changes in tissues, organs, resulting in defecation difficulties or detention constipation of a syndrome. Difficulty in defecation, feeling of incomplete defecation, urgency and heaviness, and dry or non-dry stools are the main signs of constipation. Common causes include: rectal weakness (rectal proptosis, rectal intussusception, perineal descent, etc.), pelvic floor muscle dysfunction (puborectalis syndrome, pelvic floor spasm syndrome, internal sphincter achalasia, etc.), and extraintestinal obstruction. This disease is more common in young adult women, rectal weakness constipation is also more common in the elderly. 3, mixed type: refers to both the colon through the slow, and the existence of discharge obstacles, with the above slow transmission type and exit obstruction type constipation characteristics.