The size of the lung nodule alone cannot determine whether to treat it surgically or not, and the benign or malignant nature of the nodule needs to be determined through a comprehensive judgment, and if it is a malignant lung nodule, then it needs to be treated surgically. If the lung nodule is irregular in shape on chest CT, with burr sign, lobular sign, vacuolar sign around it, solid or mixed inside the nodule, and rapid development of the nodule size is found on CT follow-up, accompanied by abnormal persistence of tumor markers such as carcinoembryonic antigen, CA199, keratin antigen 21, etc., then the nodule should be treated. Or if a malignant nodule in the lung is identified after pathologic puncture examination, lobectomy and lung lymph node dissection should be performed immediately. If the lung nodules are observed by X-ray and chest CT with regular morphology and no abnormal signs around them, etc., and the nodules do not show any changes after six months of follow-up chest CT, surgical management is not required. In addition, if the culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is judged to be a pulmonary nodule of 8mm in size caused by tuberculosis, anti-tuberculosis drug treatment such as streptomycin and pyrazinamide will be performed immediately. Drug treatment must be carried out under the guidance of specialized doctors to avoid delay.