Nutrition during pregnancy is the basis for normal fetal growth, and poor nutrition during pregnancy will affect fetal brain development, the number and size of brain cell proliferation. Zhang Rongling, deputy chief physician and director of the Women’s Health Department of Weifang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, told reporters that 30% of newborns born with malnutrition have neurological and intellectual problems. What is more noteworthy is that the lack or excess of certain nutrients during pregnancy can still lead to congenital malformations in babies born. The incidence of low weight newborns with congenital anomalies is 8 times higher than that of normal weight babies. The average incidence of anemia among pregnant women in China is 27.9% (about 3.9 million people), gestational diabetes is 0.6% (about 84,000 people) and hypertension is 3.0% (about 420,000 people). Zhang Rongling said that combined supplementation of calcium, iron and zinc to meet or approach the reference intake standard is the best way to improve the nutritional status of pregnant women. It is very important to pay attention to preconception, pregnancy and lactation nutrition. In recent years, there are more and more research results suggesting that the growth and development status of the fetus in the early stage of life is closely related to the occurrence and development of chronic diseases in adulthood, while the nutritional status of pregnant women directly affects the early development of the fetus. 1, lack of nutrition during pregnancy can lead to a variety of diseases (1) calcium deficiency leads to “leg cramps” During pregnancy, especially in the late stages, the fetal growth rate accelerates, bone mineralization reaches its peak, which can easily cause calcium malnutrition in pregnant women, causing gastrocnemius muscle cramps. Low calcium has a greater impact on the mother than the fetus. In China, 41.4% of pregnant women take calcium supplements, and 34.6% of pregnant women with gastrocnemius spasm occur. (2) Nutritional imbalance leads to diabetes during pregnancy In terms of the prevalence of hyperemesis and diabetes, the prevalence of hyperemesis among pregnant women in large cities is lower than that in other regions, but the prevalence of diabetes increases, which is closely related to the nutritional imbalance of pregnant women. Pregnant women who develop diabetes during pregnancy have an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and a 25%-50% incidence of macrosomia. The incidence of fetal malformation and spontaneous abortion is similar to that of combined diabetes if diabetes is present in early pregnancy, especially if it is accompanied by elevated fasting glucose, which is 4-12.9%, about 7-10 times higher than that of normal pregnancy. The incidence of preterm delivery increases with increased maternal blood glucose, up to 9.5%-25%. The incidence of hypertension in pregnant women with diabetes is 4-8 times higher than that of normal pregnancy. Therefore, early detection and timely and effective control of diabetes are important to improve the pregnancy outcome of pregnant women with diabetes. Therefore, in order to ensure the nutritional balance during pregnancy and reduce the adverse consequences of nutritional imbalance between pregnant women and fetuses, regular medical checkups during pregnancy, dietary guidance and micronutrient testing by professional physicians have become important elements of perinatal health care. 2, postpartum malnutrition affects the health of mother and child Many adverse consequences of pregnancy due to nutritional imbalance will be further perpetuated or aggravated by poor postpartum recovery, such as anemia, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, etc.. After delivery, nowadays, if the mother has no appetite problem, the intake of protein, sugar and fatty nutrients is basically enough or even in excess, plus the endocrine changes during nursing period, most of the mothers will be obese due to excess nutrition. Most mothers only focus on protein intake and neglect micronutrient supplementation during the postpartum recovery and nursing process. Postpartum rehabilitation and postpartum nutritional screening can provide effective nutritional guidance for women of childbearing age. A good postpartum nutritional status of lactating mothers is also the material basis for lactation, and the amount of breast milk secretion and nutrient content are affected by the nutritional status of lactating mothers. Therefore, improving the nutritional and health status of lactating mothers is of great significance to promote and improve breastfeeding. The results of several surveys show that there is still a gap between the recommended or appropriate intake of certain micronutrients in the daily diet of lactating mothers in China, and there are diseases caused by malnutrition such as anemia and hypoproteinemia. The survey results show that the average prevalence of anemia among lactating mothers in China is 30.8% (about 4.3 million people). In the past, more research has been done on the effects of breastfeeding on the nutritional and health status of infants, but little attention has been paid to the immediate and long-term effects of breastfeeding itself on women’s health status. The nutritional status of postpartum lactating mothers is not only related to maternal recovery, but also affects the growth and development of newborns, and is a quantitative indicator of women’s reproductive health status.