Preface: “Global Lung Cancer Awareness Month” is a global initiative launched by the World Lung Cancer Alliance in November 2001 to call on countries around the world to pay attention to lung cancer prevention, raise awareness of lung cancer prevention and fighting, and popularize the knowledge of standardized treatment of lung cancer. The purpose of the initiative is to call on countries around the world to pay attention to lung cancer prevention, raise awareness of lung cancer prevention and fighting, and popularize the knowledge of standardized lung cancer treatment. Wang Huijuan, Department of Internal Medicine, Henan Cancer Hospital Lung cancer has become the number one “cancer killer” in the world, with 1.2 million new cases each year and people dying every 30 seconds. In China, lung cancer is also the cancer with the highest incidence and mortality rate. The main reason for the high mortality rate of lung cancer is the lack of effective means of early detection, and about 80% of patients are already in the middle and late stages when first diagnosed. Is it true that lung cancer cannot be prevented and detected at an early stage? The answer is obviously no. The World Health Organization has long proposed a strategy to control cancer, suggesting that 1/3 of cancers can be prevented, 1/3 can be cured with early diagnosis, and the remaining 1/3 can be treated to improve symptoms, improve quality of life and thus prolong life. So, how to prevent lung cancer? Who are the high risk groups of lung cancer? How to detect early for these people? First of all, let’s talk about how to prevent lung cancer, which mainly includes the following aspects: 1. Non-smoking and stay away from second-hand smoke pollution; as far as it is concerned, smoking is still an important factor leading to lung cancer, and epidemiological data show that the incidence and mortality rate of lung cancer in smokers are 5-10 times higher than that of non-smokers, so staying away from tobacco is an important condition to prevent lung cancer. 2. Stay away from pollution sources, including Try to avoid polluted air; kitchen fumes; home decoration should not be too complicated and try to use environmentally friendly decoration materials, etc. In China, the incidence of lung cancer caused by environmental pollution is increasing year by year, and the unique cooking style of Chinese people is also the main reason for the incidence of lung cancer.3. Diversify the diet and eat more grains, vegetables, fruits and potatoes. Studies have confirmed that eating a variety of green leafy vegetables and tomatoes (tomatoes) has a significant effect on lung cancer prevention; cruciferous vegetables, such as rape, cauliflower, cabbage, cabbage, kale, cauliflower, onion and garlic, carotene, etc. also have a preventive effect on lung cancer. 4. Psychological adaptability, resilience, tolerance and pleasant feeling. A lot of facts and studies have proved that emotions can “cause cancer” and also “cure cancer”. If we can do the above in our daily life, it will play a positive role in preventing the occurrence of lung cancer. Although the incidence of lung cancer is increasing year by year, it is still a rare disease that occurs in specific groups of people. So, which groups of people are more prone to lung cancer? In other words, what are the “high-risk groups” of lung cancer? 3. Those who receive excessive radiation exposure (miners, etc.), studies have shown that long-term exposure to radioactive substances such as uranium and radium is an important cause of lung cancer. 4. 5. Patients with chronic lung diseases, such as tuberculosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), silicosis, pneumoconiosis, etc., can coexist with lung cancer, and these patients often cannot receive surgical treatment and lose the chance of cure due to poor basic lung function. 6. People with chronic cough and blood in sputum. 7. It has been shown that there are lung cancer patients in the family and their first-degree relatives are 2.5 times more likely to develop lung cancer by smoking than normal people, which proves that lung cancer has family aggregation. For those who meet one or more of the above criteria, it is advisable to undergo regular annual comprehensive medical checkups for lung cancer prevention, including frontal and lateral chest radiographs, low-dose high-resolution spiral thin-layer CT examinations and sputum exfoliation cytology examinations. The early symptoms of lung cancer are often atypical and easy to be ignored, and some patients even have no symptoms, so under what circumstances should we perform early lung cancer screening? What we need to pay attention to are the following points: 1. Long-standing cough. Cough is the most common symptom of lung cancer, which manifests as irritating cough in early stage and is very easy to be mistaken for respiratory tract infection. It is difficult to distinguish from common cold, pneumonia, tuberculosis or even pharyngitis, so it is often easily ignored by patients. When cough is not improved by repeated treatment, patients must be careful about the occurrence of lung cancer.2. Hemoptysis, because cancerous tissues are rich in blood vessels and prone to tissue necrosis, about 21% of patients have hemoptysis, mostly blood in sputum or intermittent blood sputum, sometimes only 1-2 times, which is not easily detected by patients.3. Chest pain, especially aggravated by deep breathing, is mainly caused by tumors around the lung pulling the pleura. Therefore, once patients with persistent chest pain occur, they should also be alert to the occurrence of lung cancer. Of course, not all chest pains are lung cancer, neurological diseases and cardiovascular diseases are also the main causes of chest pains, which need to be identified clinically.4. Shoulder and back pain with numbness of fingers; with or without drooping eyelids; hoarseness of voice, etc. It is mainly seen in lung cancer that invades the apical part of the lung, also called Pancost tumor, which can invade the mediastinum and compress the organs or tissues located in the upper thoracic opening, producing severe chest pain, edema of upper limbs and sympathetic syndrome, mainly manifesting as ipsilateral ptosis, pupil narrowing, eye sunken, no sweat on the face, etc. 5.Recent rapid weight loss is mainly caused by the consumption and secretion of ectopic hormones of the tumor itself. Other symptoms caused by abnormal hormone secretion, such as intractable hyponatremia, Cushing’s syndrome is common in small cell lung cancer, and pestle finger (toe) is often the only symptom of early lung cancer. In short, the manifestations of lung cancer are atypical and need to be carefully observed in life. Once the above conditions appear, the patient should go to a specialized hospital in time for early diagnosis and treatment.