A 39-year-old young male patient was admitted to the hospital in January 2012 with “urinary frequency and urgency with difficulty in urination for more than 9 years”. He was diagnosed with urinary tract infection, bladder neck elevation, prostatic hyperplasia and urethral stricture at three hospitals and underwent two operations, transurethral cystotomy and cystostomy, respectively. Less than 1 month after the surgery, the symptoms reappeared and worsened year by year. 15 days ago, the patient was treated with indwelling catheterization for 2 days at the local hospital for inability to dissolve the urine and was treated with Harle and other treatments, which were not effective. Since the patient’s symptoms and surgical history suggested a possible misdiagnosis, he came to the hospital and underwent targeted relevant investigations: urodynamic examination, cystourethrography, cystoscopy, and ultrasound of the urinary system. These tests corrected the patient’s diagnosis: neurogenic bladder, hypocompliant bladder and bladder contracture, dystocia of the forced urinary sphincter synergy, and left vesicoureteral reflux. Neurogenic bladder is a relatively rare and at the same time easily misdiagnosed disease. If left to develop or delayed, patients can develop renal failure and uremia, which is ultimately life-threatening and difficult to treat effectively with simple procedures such as catheterization and cystostomy, which is a major problem and challenge for urological clinicians today. One of the surgical options to solve this difficulty is bowel cyst enlargement, which is a surgically difficult reconstructive procedure because it uses a segment of intestine with a vascular tip to form an enlarged bladder. The patient has recently undergone a successful operation: ileal bladder enlargement. Now the urine volume per voiding is more than 4 times of the preoperative volume, which effectively improves the symptoms and quality of life, while effectively preventing hydronephrosis and renal function damage.