Atmospheric stenosis is not uncommon in clinical practice, which not only affects the quality of life of patients but also threatens their lives. There are many causes of large airway stenosis, mainly malignant tumors of the chest, such as lung cancer, esophageal cancer, mediastinal tumors, metastatic tumors, etc. This is followed by inflammation, physical and chemical damage to the airway and other benign lesions that cause large airway stenosis. In recent years, the number of tracheal intubation and tracheotomy cases is increasing, and the number of fibrous tissue hyperplasia stenosis caused by surgery and post-traumatic tracheal injury is also increasing. Fibrous tissue hyperplasia is mostly caused by complications after long-term endotracheal intubation and tracheostomy. Although tracheal dilatation, local or systemic steroids, cryotherapy, electrocautery, and laser treatment can be effective, they often recur within a short period of time. In recent years, the method of transoral placement of endoprosthesis to relieve dyspnea caused by large airway stenosis is not strictly required for the general condition of patients, especially for malignant large airway stenosis, and tracheal stents are widely used clinically to relieve airway stenosis. Advantages Simple operation, safety, few complications and good efficacy. Clinical application Airway stenosis caused by extrinsic tumor compression; airway stenosis caused by endotracheal tumor; tracheal softening; limited congenital airway stenosis; traumatic tracheal (such as intubation, post-surgery, etc.) limited stenosis; infantile septal type airway stenosis can be treated with balloon dilation.