Patients with scoliosis see me and ask: Why do I have scoliosis? This is a simple and complex question that starts with each type of scoliosis. Idiopathic scoliosis “Idiopathic” means that the cause is unknown. We do not know exactly what causes this most common form of scoliosis (80-85%), and it is thought to be related to genetic, hormonal, endocrine, growth and developmental abnormalities, as well as neurological balance system dysfunction. Congenital scoliosis The term “congenital” does not refer to an exclusively genetic condition, but rather to abnormalities in vertebral form and structure that occur during fetal development: one or more vertebral structures are not fully formed, or the spine is not normally segmented. This type of scoliosis may be associated with other conditions, such as malformations of the heart or kidneys. Congenital scoliosis is associated with genetic factors, as well as with a variety of environmental factors such as lack of oxygen or vitamin deficiencies during embryonic development during pregnancy. Neurofibromatosis scoliosis This is caused by the destruction and erosion of the spinal vertebrae by neurofibromas, the underlying cause of which is neurofibromas. Neuromuscular scoliosis Any disease that involves nerves and muscles can cause scoliosis, most commonly due to muscle imbalance and muscle weakness. Common neuromuscular disorders that cause scoliosis include cerebral palsy, myasthenia gravis, and spinal cord injury. Degenerative scoliosis This type of scoliosis often occurs in older adults, especially older women, and is caused by degenerative disc aging and spinal osteoporosis. Special note: postural scoliosis is not true scoliosis! The biggest difference between the two is that postural scoliosis can be corrected by the body’s own adjustments, while true scoliosis cannot be corrected by the body itself.