Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease (predominantly allergic inflammation) and therefore treatment with safe and effective drugs that suppress airway inflammation (e.g. inhaled glucocorticoids) is the basic means of treatment, while other control measures include environmental (allergen and other triggers) control, patient education, and allergen-specific immunotherapy (desensitization). Although controlling asthma is costly from the patient’s and society’s point of view, incorrect treatment of asthma can be more costly, not only because repeated acute exacerbations make medical expenditures higher, but also because they may lead to the development of serious complications (pulmonary heart disease, respiratory failure, etc.), and severe acute exacerbations can even lead to death. Some patients have concerns about the safety of inhaled glucocorticosteroids, leading them not to follow their doctors’ treatment plans and not to take standardized long-term control, losing a great opportunity to control their disease and gain a normal quality of life. In fact, a large number of studies have shown that inhaled glucocorticosteroids, when used at the recommended doses, are not only effective but also safe, do not affect the growth and development of children, and when children’s asthma is effectively controlled, their growth and development will be significantly improved. Leukotriene receptor antagonists are useful in the treatment of both allergic rhinitis and asthma. Some asthma patients reduce or discontinue their medication after their symptoms are controlled. It is recommended that asthma patients should be treated under medical supervision and should not adjust the regimen on their own to avoid loss of control or even serious, life-threatening acute exacerbation of the disease.