Kidney cancer, which used to be a relatively rare disease in clinical practice, has shown an obvious increasing trend in recent years, and the rising trend is especially obvious in China. According to the statistical data in recent 10 years, its incidence rate has entered the top 10 malignant tumors and the second place of urological tumors. The age of incidence tends to be younger, and the ratio of men to women is about 1.83:1. The specific cause of the disease is still unclear, but epidemiological investigation found that it is related to smoking and heavy alcohol consumption. Kidney cancer, also known as renal cell carcinoma, is not easily detected because it is asymptomatic in the early stage, and individual cases of unexplained hypothermia occur. At present, more than 80% of clinical cases are detected by routine checkups, especially the promotion and application of color ultrasonography, which has greatly improved the early detection rate of kidney tumors. In the past, hematuria, mass and pain, and the “triad of kidney cancer” as described in textbooks are rarely seen. With the combined use of ultrasound, CT, MR and PET, kidney cancer can be diagnosed clearly before surgery. Since kidney cancer is not sensitive to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, surgery is still the radical treatment for kidney cancer, and for early stage tumors, the 5-year survival rate can reach more than 90%, with a very good prognosis. Currently, the commonly used surgical methods include: laparoscopic radical resection of kidney cancer, posterior laparoscopic radical resection of kidney cancer, laparoscopic radiofrequency or cryoablation, radical resection of kidney cancer, etc. The application of minimally invasive laparoscopic techniques has greatly reduced the trauma of surgery, and patients recover faster after surgery and can get out of bed and move freely in 3 days after surgery. In recent years, large-scale clinical studies abroad have found that surgery to preserve kidney units in early stage kidney cancer can achieve the same clinical efficacy as radical resection of kidney cancer, and also preserve as much kidney function as possible, laying the foundation for long-term survival of patients in the future. For the surgery of advanced kidney cancer with cancer embolism. Postoperative adjuvant application of molecular targeted drug therapy has achieved better clinical treatment effect. In conclusion, kidney cancer is not as terrible as people say: regular physical examination is the “talisman” for health; even if kidney tumor is found, early and active formal treatment is the “imperial sword” for long-term survival.