1. Do all spina bifida have obvious symptoms? Is there no skin abnormality in the lumbosacral region in patients with recessive spina bifida? Spina bifida is divided into recessive spina bifida and dominant spina bifida according to whether it is accompanied by incomplete closure of the spinal canal: children with dominant spina bifida are born with localized masses on the back, and simple spinal bulge can have no obvious symptoms, while those with spinal cord and spinal bulge accompanied by malformation of the terminal development of the spinal cord, degeneration and formation of spinal cavity have more serious symptoms, often with varying degrees of bilateral lower limb paralysis and urinary and fecal incontinence, and a few children can be combined with hydrocephalus and spinal column In some children, hydrocephalus and scoliosis may be combined with other deformities; in some cases, the symptoms of recessive spina bifida may appear early or late, and in some cases, the symptoms may appear only in adulthood, mainly in the form of varying degrees of weakness of the lower extremities and urinary and fecal dysfunction. In patients with recessive spina bifida, the skin of the lumbosacral region may have increased hair, small concavities, capillary hemangiomas, hyperpigmentation or dermatoglyphs, or there may be no abnormalities. 2. Can dominant spina bifida be observed by the naked eye? What are the typical features of lumbosacral bifida when observed by the naked eye? The cystic mass can be seen in the cervical, thoracic or lumbosacral region of the child’s back in the midline, and its size can vary from large to huge. 3. How should parents detect spina bifida in their children early? For fetuses, early detection of spina bifida can be achieved by prenatal ultrasound, maternal serum and AFP values in the amniotic fluid. In recent years, prenatal diagnosis has continued to develop and screening indicators and protocols for fetal spina bifida have been updated, and the detection rate of spina bifida has become increasingly high. After birth, babies can be detected early by checking whether there is a lump on the back and whether there are skin abnormalities in the lumbosacral area to detect spina bifida, and if necessary, they can visit a specialist hospital to let the doctor help identify them. 4.In addition to the changes in the lumbosacral region, what other symptoms do patients have? In addition to lumbosacral abnormalities, children with spina bifida may also have symptoms of neurological damage, mainly manifested as varying degrees of weakness or paralysis of both lower limbs, urinary and fecal dysfunction or even incontinence, and a few children may also have other deformities such as hydrocephalus or scoliosis. 5.Does spina bifida always cause back pain, defecation difficulties and limb dysfunction? No. Spina bifida does not always cause back pain, difficulty defecating or physical dysfunction, but only when the spinal cord or spinal nerves are damaged. The symptoms of spina bifida are related to the combination of spinal cord embolism, compression and the degree of nerve damage. 6. What is spinal cord embolism syndrome? Does spina bifida always cause spinal cord embolism syndrome? The spinal cord is fixed at a certain point so that it cannot move with the growth of the spine, and the spinal cord is gradually stretched like a leather band. There are many causes of spinal cord embolism syndrome, such as end filament tension, spina bifida, sacral canal endothelial cyst and lumbosacral lipoma, etc. Spina bifida does not always lead to spinal cord embolism syndrome. 7. Does spina bifida combined with spinal lipoma lead to accelerated spinal cord embolism syndrome? Both spina bifida and spinal lipoma can cause spinal cord embolism, so if spina bifida is combined with spinal lipoma, it may lead to earlier onset of spinal cord embolism and earlier onset of neurological damage.