Constipation is not a disease, but a symptomatic group of many diseases, manifesting as difficulty in defecation, irregular defecation, low frequency, low stool volume, hard feces, local discomfort or pain, or combined with some special symptoms, such as prolonged straining to defecate, rectal distension, incomplete defecation, and even the need to use maneuvers to defecate. With the change of dietary structure and the influence of mental psychological and social factors, the incidence of constipation has increased significantly, seriously affecting the quality of life of patients. First, the cause: normal defecation needs to contain a certain amount of dietary fiber gastrointestinal contents at a normal speed through the digestive tract segments, in time to arrive at the rectum, and can stimulate the rectal anal canal, inducing defecation reflex. During defecation, the pelvic floor muscles coordinate their activities to complete defecation. Any one of the above defecation process obstacles can cause constipation. Common causes are as follows: 1, general causes: (1) irrational eating habits, dietary fiber intake is a common cause; (2) bad defecation habits, such as squatting for a long time, the best stool should not be more than three minutes. (3) long-term inhibition of bowel movements; (4) unreasonable use of laxatives; (5) environmental or defecation position changes; (6) pregnancy; (7) old age, nutritional disorders. 2, colorectal and pelvic floor organic lesions and functional disorders: (1) colonic mechanical obstruction: benign and malignant tumors; (2) rectal or anal canal outlet obstruction: anal fissure, anal canal or rectal stenosis, internal sphincter laxity, anterior proptosis of rectum, rectal prolapse, pelvic floor spasticity syndrome, puborectal muscle hypertrophy, etc.; (3) colorectal neuropathy and muscle abnormality: pseudo intestinal obstruction, congenital megacolon, idiopathic megacolon, megarectum, colorectum, and other neurological problems. (3) Colorectal neuropathy and muscle abnormalities: pseudo-intestinal obstruction, congenital megacolon, idiopathic megarectum, megarectum, slow-transmitting colonic motility, irritable bowel syndrome, etc. Extracolorectal nerve abnormalities: (1) central: various brain diseases, mass compression, spinal cord lesions, multiple sclerosis, etc.; (2) innervation abnormalities. 4.Mental or psychological disorders: (1) mental illness; (2) depression; (3) anorexia nervosa. 5.Medical origin: (1) drugs: such as cocaine, morphine, antidepressants, anticholinergic agents, iron, calcium channel antagonists, etc.; (2) long-term braking. 6, endocrine abnormalities and metabolic diseases: such as hypothyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, hypokalemia, diabetes mellitus, pituitary hypoplasia and lead poisoning. 7, connective tissue diseases: such as scleroderma. Second, the clinical manifestations of constipation and self-diagnosis: 1, according to Rome Ⅲ diagnostic criteria, the clinical manifestations of constipation can be summarized as: (1) defecation difficulty, effort; (2) discharge of fecal matter dry; (3) the feeling of incomplete stool; (4) anorectal obstruction; (5) manipulation-assisted defecation; (6) the number of times of defecation <3 times/week; no intention of defecation. According to the above clinical manifestations, the severity of constipation is categorized into 3 degrees: Mild: symptoms are mild, do not affect the life, can be improved by general treatment, no need to use drugs or less use of drugs. Severe: constipation symptoms persist. The patient is unusually painful, seriously affecting life, can not stop the drug or treatment is ineffective. Moderate: between the two. Treatment principle: According to the degree of constipation and the cause and type of constipation, individualized comprehensive treatment (including non-surgical treatment and surgical treatment) is used to restore normal defecation. The non-surgical treatment method is mainly to improve the lifestyle, strengthen the education of defecation physiology, increase dietary fiber intake, develop good defecation habits, increase exercise, adjust the psychological state, maintain a good state of mind, which can help to establish a normal defecation reflex.