The manifestations of heart valve disease include dyspnea, cough, hemoptysis, chest pain, etc. The specific manifestations are different because of different types.
1. Mitral stenosis: manifestations include dyspnea, cough, hemoptysis, thromboembolism, left pulmonary artery dilatation, compression of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve causing hoarseness, and compression of the esophagus causing difficulty in swallowing.
2. Mitral valve insufficiency
(1) Acute: in mild cases, there is only slight exertional dyspnea; in severe cases, acute left heart failure, even acute pulmonary edema and cardiogenic shock may occur.
(2) Chronic: mild reflux can be asymptomatic, more severe reflux, manifested by fatigue and weakness, decreased activity endurance, different degrees of dyspnea, and so on. In the late stage, the manifestations of right heart failure appear, including abdominal distension, lack of appetite, enlarged and bruised liver, and edema.
3. Aortic stenosis
(1) Dyspnea: exertional dyspnea is a common first symptom in patients with advanced disease. As the disease progresses, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, sitting breathing, acute pulmonary edema, etc. may appear.
(2) Angina: for severe patients, angina is the earliest and most common symptom.
(3) Syncope: mostly related to exertion, occurring at the time of exertion, a few occurring at rest.
4. Aortic insufficiency
(1) Acute: mildly asymptomatic; in severe cases, sudden dyspnea, sweating all over the body, and in more severe cases, agitation, confusion and coma may occur.
(2) Chronic: asymptomatic in mild cases; in severe cases, palpitations, dyspnea, chest pain, strong throbbing sensation in the head and neck, and so on.
Different types of heart valve disease have different manifestations, and patients should be treated with different treatments according to different types.